Stress and frequency dependence of the direct piezoelectric effect in ferroelectric ceramics

Journal Article · Fri Aug 01 04:00:00 EDT 1997 · Journal of Applied Physics

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1063/1.365981· OSTI ID:527977

Damjanovic, D ^[1]

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1. Laboratory of Ceramics, Department of Materials, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology - EPFL, 1015 Lausanne (Switzerland)

It is shown that at weak alternating stress the relationship between the piezoelectrically induced charge and applied stress in ferroelectric ceramics has the same form as the Rayleigh law for magnetization versus magnetic field in ferromagnetic materials. Applicability of the Rayleigh law to the piezoelectric effect is demonstrated in detail for lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics. Experimental results indicate that the dominant mechanism responsible for piezoelectric hysteresis and the dependence of the piezoelectric coefficient on the applied ac stress is the pinning of non-180{degree} domain walls. The dependence of the piezoelectric coefficient on the frequency of the driving stress is examined and is shown to be due to the frequency dispersion of both reversible and irreversible components of domain-wall displacement. Analysis of the stress dependence of the piezoelectric phase angle reveals piezoelectric hysteresis contributions that are not necessarily due to Rayleigh-type displacement of domain walls. Piezoelectric properties of a modified lead titanate composition that exhibits non-Rayleigh type behavior are examined and compared with the properties of PZT ceramics. {copyright} {ital 1997 American Institute of Physics.}

• OSTI ID: 527977
• Journal Information: Journal of Applied Physics, Journal Name: Journal of Applied Physics Journal Issue: 4 Vol. 82; ISSN JAPIAU; ISSN 0021-8979
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
CERAMICS
DOMAIN STRUCTURE
FERROELECTRIC MATERIALS
FREQUENCY DEPENDENCE
HYSTERESIS
LEAD COMPOUNDS
PIEZOELECTRICITY
PZT
STRESSES