Borehole-to-surface electromagnetic methods -- System design and field examples
- Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (United States)
- Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA (United States)
- Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
Borehole-to-surface electromagnetic (EM) methods are an attractive alternative to Surface-based EM methods for a variety of environmental and engineering applications. They have improved sensitivity to the subsurface resistivity distribution because of the closer proximity to the area of interest offered by the borehole for the source or the receiver. For the borehole-to-surface measurements the source is in the borehole and the receivers are on the surface. On the other hand, for the surface-to-borehole methods, the source is on the surface and the receiver is in a borehole. The surface-to-borehole method has an added advantage since measurements are often more accurate due to the lower noise environment for the receiver. For these methods, the source can be a grounded electric dipole or a vertical magnetic dipole source. An added benefit of these techniques is field measurements are made using a variety of arrays where the system is tailored to the application and where one can take advantage of some new imaging methods. In this short paper the authors describe the application of the borehole-to-surface method, discuss benefits and shortcomings, and give two field examples where they have been used for underground imaging. The examples were the monitoring of a salt water flooding of an oil well and the characterization of a fuel oil spill.
- Research Organization:
- Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (United States)
- Sponsoring Organization:
- USDOE, Washington, DC (United States)
- DOE Contract Number:
- AC04-94AL85000
- OSTI ID:
- 52776
- Report Number(s):
- SAND--95-0853C; CONF-950450--7; ON: DE95011059
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
58 GEOSCIENCES
DATA ANALYSIS
ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITY
ELECTROMAGNETIC SURVEYS
EXPERIMENTAL DATA
FLUID INJECTION
FUEL OILS
MONITORING
OIL SPILLS
OIL WELLS
ORIENTATION
PERFORMANCE
SENSITIVITY
SITE CHARACTERIZATION
SOILS
TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT
WATERFLOODING
WELL LOGGING EQUIPMENT