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Stopping power and effective charge of heavy ions in solids

Journal Article · · Phys. Rev. A; (United States)
;
We have measured the energy loss of several heavy ions (C, Si, Cl, Ti, Fe, Ni, Ge, Br, Nb, and I) in elemental targets (C, Al, Cu, Ag, and Au) at energies near the maximum in the stopping power versus energy curve. These measurements have been used to examine the charge dependence of heavy-ion stopping powers, as well as the magnitude of the ion's effective charge inside the target material. Inclusion of the Lindhard Z/sup 3//sub 1/, Z/sup 4//sub 1/ corrections provides the best fit to the data, and the use of these corrections results in a simple expression for the effective charge which is valid for all our measured projectile-target combinations (Z/sub 1/ = 6--53 and Z/sub 2/ = 6--79). Both the magnitude and the target dependence of this effective-charge expression are consistent with the average equilibrium charge-state measurements made in gases. This suggests that the high charge states observed for ions leaving solid materials are due mainly to charge-changing effects (such as Auger deexcitation) at the exit surface.
Research Organization:
A. W. Wright Nuclear Structure Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511
DOE Contract Number:
AC02-76ER03074
OSTI ID:
5261863
Journal Information:
Phys. Rev. A; (United States), Journal Name: Phys. Rev. A; (United States) Vol. 25:4; ISSN PLRAA
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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Related Subjects

654001* -- Radiation & Shielding Physics-- Radiation Physics
Shielding Calculations & Experiments
73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS
ALUMINIUM
BROMINE IONS
CARBON
CARBON IONS
CHARGED PARTICLES
CHARGED-PARTICLE TRANSPORT
CHLORINE IONS
COPPER
ELEMENTS
ENERGY LOSSES
GERMANIUM IONS
GOLD
IODINE IONS
IONS
IRON IONS
LOSSES
METALS
NICKEL IONS
NIOBIUM IONS
NONMETALS
RADIATION TRANSPORT
SILICON IONS
SILVER
STOPPING POWER
TITANIUM IONS
TRANSITION ELEMENTS