The spinel phase of LiMn sub 2 O sub 4 as a cathode in secondary lithium cells
- Bell Communications Research, Red Bank, NJ (US)
- Ottawa Research Council, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R9 (CA)
- Rutgers, State Univ. of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ (US)
The electrochemical properties of LiMn{sub 2}O{sub 4} and LiM{sub y}Mn{sub 2{minus}y}O{sub 4} (M = Ti, Ge, Fe, Zn, or Ni) were studied for different conditions of sample preparation and different degrees of cation substitution (y). This paper reports that in the voltage range 3.5-4.5 V, cells of either spinel LiMn{sub 2}O{sub 4} or {lambda}-MnO{sub 2} (made by leaching the Li from LiMn{sub 2}O{sub 4}) reversibly insert 0.4 Li per Mn at an average voltage of 4.1 V, leading to an energy density of 480 Wh/kg of cathode. Cells cycled 50 times lost less than 10% of their initial capacity, suggesting that this material could be used instead of LiCoO{sub 2} of LiNiO{sub 2} as the cathode in the new generation of rocking chair batteries. Replacing Mn with cations of valence 2 (ni, Zn) or 3 (Fe) reduces the amount of Mn{sup +3} and correspondingly reduces the capacity of the cells at 4.1 V, but does not affect their cycling performance.
- OSTI ID:
- 5239372
- Journal Information:
- Journal of the Electrochemical Society; (United States), Journal Name: Journal of the Electrochemical Society; (United States) Vol. 138:10; ISSN 0013-4651; ISSN JESOA
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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& Auxiliaries
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
400400 -- Electrochemistry
ALKALI METAL COMPOUNDS
ALKALI METALS
CATHODES
CHALCOGENIDES
CHEMISTRY
ELECTRIC BATTERIES
ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS
ELECTROCHEMISTRY
ELECTRODES
ELEMENTS
ENERGY DENSITY
LITHIUM
LITHIUM COMPOUNDS
LITHIUM OXIDES
MANGANESE COMPOUNDS
MANGANESE OXIDES
MATERIALS TESTING
METALS
MINERALS
OXIDE MINERALS
OXIDES
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
PERFORMANCE TESTING
SPINELS
TESTING
TRANSITION ELEMENT COMPOUNDS