Formation of inorganic particles during suspension heating of simulated wastes

Technical Report · Tue Jan 01 04:00:00 EST 1991

OSTI ID:5204814

Mulholland, J A; Sarofim, A F; Yue, G

The paper gives results of measurements of metal partitioning between the fine condensation aerosol and the larger particles produced during rapid heating of aqueous and organic solutions containing metal additives with widely varying volatilities in a laboratory-scale furnace operated over a range of temperatures (900-1500 K). A stream of monodisperse droplets (nominal diameter of 36 micrometers) was injected into an isothermal, laminar drop-tube reactor, quickly developing into a stream of droplets with heterogeneous size distribution due to droplet collision and coalescence. Gas was introduced to disperse the droplet stream, eliminating droplet interactions after 3 cm (2 ms) of flight. In the remaining 90% of reactor length, the droplets vaporized and burned, yielding inorganic particles of various sizes. Aqueous solutions containing nitrates of Cd, Pb, and Ni gave rise to particles with trimodal size distributions. Partitioning of the larger particles between residual and intermediate modes is suggestive of particle porosity variation. In addition, ultrafine particles, with submicron aerodynamic diameter, were formed, both by the anticipated vaporization pathway and by an unexpected explosive fragmentation mechanism. The fraction of submicron particles produced upon heating of a NiCl2 solution was higher than that formed by the heating of a Ni(NO3)2 solution.

• Research Organization: Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge, MA (United States). Dept. of Chemical Engineering
• OSTI ID: 5204814
• Report Number(s): PB-91-223354/XAB; CNN: EPA-68-02-4247
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
540120* -- Environment
Atmospheric-- Chemicals Monitoring & Transport-- (1990-)
AEROSOL WASTES
AEROSOLS
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS
ASHES
BENCH-SCALE EXPERIMENTS
CADMIUM COMPOUNDS
CADMIUM NITRATES
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
CHEMICAL REACTION KINETICS
COLLOIDS
COMBUSTION KINETICS
COMBUSTION PRODUCTS
CONDENSATES
CONTROL
DISPERSIONS
FLY ASH
INCINERATORS
KINETICS
LEAD COMPOUNDS
LEAD NITRATES
LIQUID WASTES
MANAGEMENT
MIXTURES
NICKEL COMPOUNDS
NICKEL NITRATES
NITRATES
NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
PARTICLE SIZE
PARTITION
POLLUTION CONTROL
REACTION KINETICS
RESIDUES
SIMULATION
SIZE
SOLS
SOLUTIONS
SYNTHESIS
TRANSITION ELEMENT COMPOUNDS
VOLATILITY
WASTE DISPOSAL
WASTE MANAGEMENT
WASTES