Heat pipes for sodium-sulfur batteries. Final report, 29 August 1988-1 May 1989
Technical Report
·
OSTI ID:5194459
The objective of this program was to develop a variable-conductance heat pipe (VCHP) for the thermal management of sodium-sulfur batteries. The VCHP maintains the sodium-sulfur battery within a specified temperature rise limit (20 C) while the battery discharges a thermal load from 0 to 500 watts. A preliminary full-scale thermal-management design was developed for the sodium-sulfur battery, incorporating the VCHPs and supporting integration hardware. The feasibility of the VCHPs for this application was proved by test. The VCHP developed in Phase I utilized titanium as the heat-pipe envelope material, and cesium as the heat-pipe working fluid. The wick structure was axial grooves. Analysis and tests indicate that the VCHP can provide the passive thermal control necessary for the sodium-sulfur battery. Test data show that with the heat input from Q = 0 watts to Q = 500 watts, the VCHP evaporator temperature increased from 350 to 385 C. The temperature control range was higher than predicted due to working fluid vapor diffusion into the noncondensible gas and thermal axial conduction into the VCHP reservoir. Analysis has shown that by utilizing VCHPs for passive temperature control, the sodium-sulfur battery cells will have a lower axial delta-T during discharge than a current-louver design. The VCHP thermal management package has the potential to be used in geosynchronous earth orbits (GEO) and low earth orbits (LEO).
- Research Organization:
- Thermacore, Inc., Lancaster, PA (USA)
- OSTI ID:
- 5194459
- Report Number(s):
- AD-A-212523/5/XAB
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
25 ENERGY STORAGE
250903* -- Energy Storage-- Batteries-- Materials
Components
& Auxiliaries
42 ENGINEERING
420400 -- Engineering-- Heat Transfer & Fluid Flow
ALKALI METALS
CESIUM
CONTROL
DATA
DIFFUSION
DOCUMENT TYPES
ELECTRIC BATTERIES
ELECTRIC DISCHARGES
ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS
ELECTROLYTIC CELLS
ELEMENTS
ENERGY TRANSFER
EVAPORATORS
EXPERIMENTAL DATA
FLUIDS
GASES
HEAT PIPES
HEAT TRANSFER
INFORMATION
MANAGEMENT
MATERIALS
METAL-NONMETAL BATTERIES
METALS
NUMERICAL DATA
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
PROGRESS REPORT
SODIUM-SULFUR BATTERIES
TEMPERATURE CONTROL
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY
THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES
TITANIUM
TRANSITION ELEMENTS
VAPORS
WORKING FLUIDS
250903* -- Energy Storage-- Batteries-- Materials
Components
& Auxiliaries
42 ENGINEERING
420400 -- Engineering-- Heat Transfer & Fluid Flow
ALKALI METALS
CESIUM
CONTROL
DATA
DIFFUSION
DOCUMENT TYPES
ELECTRIC BATTERIES
ELECTRIC DISCHARGES
ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS
ELECTROLYTIC CELLS
ELEMENTS
ENERGY TRANSFER
EVAPORATORS
EXPERIMENTAL DATA
FLUIDS
GASES
HEAT PIPES
HEAT TRANSFER
INFORMATION
MANAGEMENT
MATERIALS
METAL-NONMETAL BATTERIES
METALS
NUMERICAL DATA
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
PROGRESS REPORT
SODIUM-SULFUR BATTERIES
TEMPERATURE CONTROL
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY
THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES
TITANIUM
TRANSITION ELEMENTS
VAPORS
WORKING FLUIDS