Impact of interphase mass-transfer rate and equilibrium for multiphase ground-water systems. Final report
Ground water contamination by substances that are immiscible with water (e.g., gasoline, jet fuels, chlorinated solvents) is well-documented as a commonplace occurrence. The release of such nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) leads to a multiphase system in which contaminants can exist in, move within, and be transport among NAPL phases, aqueous phases, gas or vapor phases, and solid phases. A common assumption until now is that each chemical species is in local equilibrium among all the phases present in a subsurface environment. This research project investigated the propriety of the local equilibrium assumption through conduct of fundamental laboratory studies and mathematical modeling of interphase mass transfer in multiphase porous media systems. The experimental results of this work were used to develop interphase mass transfer rate coefficient correlations for NAPL-aqueous and aqueous-vapor systems, and to determine correlations of NAPL morphology at residual saturation. The modeling portion of this study incorporated the experimental results into one dimensional and two dimensional multiphase flow and transport models-in order to investigate expected deviations from equilibrium conditions at the field scale. Experimental and modeling results showed that deviations from equilibrium are common for vapor-aqueous phase mass transfer and may be important for NAPL-aqueous phase mass transfer, especially in heterogeneous systems.
- Research Organization:
- North Carolina Univ., Chapel Hill, NC (United States). Dept. of Environmental Sciences and Engineering
- OSTI ID:
- 5192876
- Report Number(s):
- AD-A-238532/6/XAB; CNN: DAAL03-88-K-0002
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
540320* -- Environment
Aquatic-- Chemicals Monitoring & Transport-- (1990-)
CONTAMINATION
ENVIRONMENTAL TRANSPORT
FLUID FLOW
FUELS
GASOLINE
GROUND WATER
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS
JET ENGINE FUELS
LIQUID FUELS
MASS TRANSFER
MATERIALS
MATHEMATICAL MODELS
MORPHOLOGY
MULTIPHASE FLOW
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
PHASE STUDIES
POLLUTION
POROUS MATERIALS
SOLVENTS
WATER
WATER POLLUTION