Problem definition study on techniques and methodologies for evaluating the chemical and toxicological properties of combustion products of gun systems, Volume 1: Final report
Gun exhaust is a complex mixture of both organic and inorganic chemical species. Similar to other mixtures, it has both vapor and particulate phases. This report contains information concerning the chemical characterization of gun exhaust and offers recommendations for its chemical and toxicological investigation. Propellent compositions used in munitions are all nitrocellulose based but are categorized by the inclusion of the other major ingredients (i.e., single-based propellants contain nitrocellulose only, double-base propellants contain nitrocellulose and nitroglycerin, and triple-base propellants contain nitrocellulose, nitroguanidine, and nitroglycerin). The principal decomposition products present in gun exhaust are carbon monoxide, hydrogen, carbon dixiode, water, and nitrogen (approximately 99% by volume). A number of minor products have been reported to be present in gun exhaust including nitrogen oxides, ammonia, inorganic particulates (e.g., lead and copper), and polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons (of unknown origin). 233 refs., 19 figs., 19 tabs.
- Research Organization:
- Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (USA)
- DOE Contract Number:
- AC05-84OR21400
- OSTI ID:
- 5130094
- Report Number(s):
- ORNL-6334-Vol.1; ON: DE88008883
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
AEROSOLS
AMMONIA
ANTIMONY
BIOASSAY
CARBON COMPOUNDS
CARBON MONOXIDE
CARBON OXIDES
CHALCOGENIDES
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
COLLOIDS
COMBUSTION PRODUCTS
COPPER
DECOMPOSITION
DIESEL ENGINES
DISPERSIONS
DOCUMENT TYPES
ELEMENTS
ENGINES
EXHAUST GASES
FLUIDS
GASEOUS WASTES
GASES
GUNS
HAZARDS
HEALTH HAZARDS
HEAT ENGINES
HYDRIDES
HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS
INHALATION
INTAKE
INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
LEAD
MEASURING METHODS
METALS
MILITARY PERSONNEL
NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
NITROGEN HYDRIDES
NITROGEN OXIDES
OXIDES
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
PERSONNEL
POLYMERS
PROGRESS REPORT
PROPELLANTS
PYROLYSIS
RESIDUES
SMOKES
SOLS
SULFUR COMPOUNDS
SULFUR OXIDES
THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
TOBACCO SMOKES
TOXICITY
TRANSITION ELEMENTS
WASTES