Recent experiments with liquid gallium cooling of crystal diffraction optics

Journal Article · Sat Feb 01 04:00:00 EST 1992 · Review of Scientific Instruments; (United States)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1143334· OSTI ID:5096894

Smither, R K; Lee, W; Macrander, A; Mills, D; Rogers, S ^[1]

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1. Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439 (United States)

The x-ray beams for the next generation of synchrotrons will contain much more power (1--10 kW) than is available at present day facilities. Cooling the first optical components in these beam lines will require the best cooling technology that one can bring to bear. Argonne continues to pioneer the use of liquid metals as the cooling fluid and has adopted liquid gallium as the liquid metal of choice. Its low melting point, 29.7 {degree}C and its very low vapor pressure make it an easy fluid to handle and its high thermal conductivity and heat capacity make it an excellent cooling fluid. A series of experiments were performed during April 1991 with the wiggler beam at the F2 station of the CHESS facility at Cornell to investigate the cooling of large areas of high power. Two types of cooling crystal geometries were tested. One where the cooling channels were core drilled just below the surface of the crystal and a second where slots were cut into the crystal just below the surface with a diamond saw. Both crystals performed well with photon beam powers up to 1050 W and power densities of up to 14.5 W/mm{sup 2} at normal incidence. An infrared camera was used to measure the variation in the temperature of the top layer of the silicon crystals. For the core-drilled crystal the peak temperature measured at the center of the beam at a power density of 12.3 W/mm{sup 2} was 15 {degree}C hotter than the crystal surface outside of the beam with a flow of liquid gallium of 2 gpm (gallons per minute) and was 10 {degree}C with a flow of 4 gpm. The maximum distortion of the crystal surface distortion of the core-drilled crystal was about {plus minus}2.0 arcsec for the 2 gpm case with a maximum power density of 10.9 W/mm{sup 2} and about 5% of the expected beam intensity was lost at peak power of 14.5 W/mm{sup 2}.

• OSTI ID: 5096894
• Journal Information: Review of Scientific Instruments; (United States), Journal Name: Review of Scientific Instruments; (United States) Vol. 63:2; ISSN RSINA; ISSN 0034-6748
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
360104 -- Metals & Alloys-- Physical Properties
42 ENGINEERING
420400* -- Engineering-- Heat Transfer & Fluid Flow
43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS
430303 -- Particle Accelerators-- Experimental Facilities & Equipment
COOLING
COOLING SYSTEMS
CRYSTALS
DIFFRACTOMETERS
ELEMENTS
EQUIPMENT
FLUIDS
GALLIUM
LIQUID METALS
LIQUIDS
MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
METALS
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
RADIATION SOURCES
SYNCHROTRON RADIATION SOURCES
THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES
X-RAY DIFFRACTOMETERS
X-RAY EQUIPMENT