IGT patents free fall retorting process
A retort is described in which solid carbonaceous materials, such as oil shales, can be processed and upgraded to liquid or gaseous hydrocarbon fuels. The solid particles fall by gravity through baffles into preheat, pretreatment, reaction, heat addition, and gas preheat zones. Gas passes through the reactor countercurrent to the solids. When hydrogen is used as the upflowing gas, the product stream comprises principally hydrocarbon liquids and low molecular weight paraffinic gases. Using air, oxygen, steam, flue gases, or mixtures of these, the product stream will also contain steam, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen. A rapid heat-up of 4000 F per minute to a temperature of 899 F results in high total carbon conversions.
- OSTI ID:
- 5095604
- Journal Information:
- Pace Synth. Fuels Rep.; (United States), Journal Name: Pace Synth. Fuels Rep.; (United States) Vol. 23:3; ISSN PSFRD
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
040402* -- Oil Shales & Tar Sands-- Surface Methods
AIR
BITUMINOUS MATERIALS
CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
CHEMICAL REACTORS
COUNTERFLOW SYSTEMS
DECOMPOSITION
DESIGN
DISPERSIONS
DISTILLATION EQUIPMENT
ELEMENTS
ENERGY SOURCES
EQUIPMENT
FLUE GAS
FLUID FLOW
FLUIDS
FOSSIL FUELS
FUELS
GAS FLOW
GASEOUS WASTES
GASES
GRAVITATION
HYDROCARBONS
HYDROGEN
MATERIALS
MIXTURES
NONMETALS
OIL SHALES
OPERATION
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
OXYGEN
RETORTING
RETORTS
SOLIDS FLOW
STEAM
WASTES