Prediction of glass durability as a function of glass composition and test conditions: Thermodynamics and kinetics
The long-term durability of nuclear waste glasses can be predicted by comparing their performance to natural and ancient glasses. Glass durability is a function of the kinetic and thermodynamic stability of glass in solution. The relationship between the kinetic and thermodynamic aspects of glass durability can be understood when the relative contributions of glass composition and imposed test conditions are delineated. Glass durability has been shown to be a function of the thermodynamic hydration free energy which can be calculated from the glass composition. Hydration thermodynamics also furnishes a quantitative frame of reference to understand how various test parameters affect glass durability. Linear relationships have been determined between the logarithmic extent of hydration and the calculated hydration free energy for several different test geometries. Different test conditions result in different kinetic reactivity parameters such as the exposed glass surface area (SA), the leachant solution volume (V), and the length of time that the glass is in the leachant (t). Leachate concentrations are known to be a function of the kinetic test parameter (SAV)t. The relative durabilities of glasses, including pure silica, obsidians, nuclear waste glasses, medieval window glasses, and frit glasses define a plane in three dimensional ..delta..G/sub hyd/-concentration-(SAV)t space. At constant kinetic conditions, e.g., test geometry and test duration, the three dimensional plane is intersected at constant (SAV)t and the ..delta..G/sub hyd/-concentration plots have similar slopes. The slope represents the natural logarithm of the theoretical slope, (12.303 RT), for the rate of glass dissolution. 53 refs., 4 figs.
- Research Organization:
- Savannah River Lab., Aiken, SC (USA)
- DOE Contract Number:
- AC09-76SR00001
- OSTI ID:
- 5025143
- Report Number(s):
- DP-MS-87-157; CONF-8806111-4; ON: DE88010893
- Resource Relation:
- Conference: Conference on the advances in fusion of glass, Alfred, NY, USA, 14 Jun 1988
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE WASTES FROM NUCLEAR FACILITIES
GLASS
STABILITY
WASTE FORMS
ARCHAEOLOGICAL SPECIMENS
BASALT
HIGH-LEVEL RADIOACTIVE WASTES
HYDRATION
KINETICS
LEACHING
RADIOACTIVE WASTE DISPOSAL
TEKTITES
THERMODYNAMICS
DISSOLUTION
IGNEOUS ROCKS
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MATERIALS
RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS
RADIOACTIVE WASTES
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VOLCANIC ROCKS
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360604* - Materials- Corrosion
Erosion
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052002 - Nuclear Fuels- Waste Disposal & Storage