Sol-gel synthesis of birnessite from KMnO{sub 4} and simple sugars

Journal Article · Fri Sep 01 04:00:00 EDT 1995 · Chemistry of Materials

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00057a003· OSTI ID:478308

Ching, S; Landrigan, J A; Jorgensen, M L ^[1]

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1. Connecticut College, New London, CT (United States); and others

Birnessite is a naturally occurring manganese oxide that has been identified as a major constituent of deep sea manganese nodules. The mineral consists of layers of edge- and corner-linked MnO{sub 6} octahedra with water molecules and alkali-metal cations in the interlayer voids. A generalized elemental composition of birnessite is A{sub x}MnO{sub 2{plus_minus}y}{sm_bullet}zH{sub 2}O, in which A represents an alkali-metal cation. Natural and synthetic birnessites with an octahedral layered (OL) structure have attracted significant interest because of their potential as heterogeneous catalysts and materials for secondary batteries. Birnessites are also precursors for tunnel structure manganese oxides such as cryptomelane and todorokite. Sol-gel processing of birnessites potentially offers numerous advantages over traditional methods of synthesis such as high-purity, particle-size homogeneity, and film-casting capability. However, very few sol-gel routes have been developed for materials with near-MnO{sub 2} stoichiometry such as birnessite. Early reports of manganese oxide gels described {open_quotes}MnO{sub 2} jellies{close_quotes} formed from reactions of KMnO{sub 4} with simple sugars. However, until now these systems remained poorly characterized. The authors have reinvestigated these manganese oxide gels and in the process discovered a new sol-gel method of preparing birnessite with interlayer potassium cations, K-OL-1. 26 refs., 3 figs.

• Sponsoring Organization: USDOE
• OSTI ID: 478308
• Journal Information: Chemistry of Materials, Journal Name: Chemistry of Materials Journal Issue: 9 Vol. 7; ISSN CMATEX; ISSN 0897-4756
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

25 ENERGY STORAGE
40 CHEMISTRY
CHEMICAL PREPARATION
HYDRATES
MANGANESE OXIDES
POTASSIUM OXIDES
SOL-GEL PROCESS