Regional characters of cloud water chemistry over severe acid rain areas of China

Conference · Tue Dec 31 04:00:00 EST 1996

OSTI ID:466140

Shen, Zhilai; Xiao, Hui; Lei, Hengchi; Huang, Meiyuan ^[1]

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1. Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Beijing (China)

The results and discussion are presented of measurements of cloud water chemistry made over severe add rain areas, such as Chongqing, Chengdu, Guiyang, Guangzhou, Nanchang, and Changsha in China from 1985 to 1993. Analyses indicate that acid cloud water is widespread in these areas, the range of cloud water pH is large within an area, the highest acidity is not over big city, and the difference of average values of pH is not obvious in different areas. In some areas, for example Chongqing, the annual variation of average pH is large. The range of average of total ion concentrations of cloud water is also large and the maximum is six more than minimum. The relationship between the acidity and ion concentration of cloud water is unlinear. The chemistry parameters of cloud water exhibit an obvious region character in Southwest China (Chongqing, Chengdu and Guiyang) SO4= is a dominant anion and SO4=/NO3- is more than 8, Ca++ and NH4+ are the main cation, Ca++/NH4+>1 (in the remaining areas, Ca++/NH4+<1), the cloud water acidity is higher than that of ground rain, indicating that there is an acidification process below cloud. In South China (Guangzhou and Guiyang) NO3 is same important as SO4= and SO4=/NO3- is about 1. In Central China (Nanchang and Changsha) the total ion concentration is highest on comparison with other areas and the value is more than that of ground rainwater, meaning probably that there is an influence of cloud microphysical process on cloud water and rainwater chemistry.

• OSTI ID: 466140
• Report Number(s): CONF-9606185--
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
ACID RAIN
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
CHINA
CLOUDS