Apollo 14 and Apollo 16 Heavy-Particle Dosimetry Experiments

Fleischer, R. L.; Hart, R., H. R.; Comstock, G. M.; Carter, M.; Renshaw, A.; Hardy, A.

doi:10.1126/science.181.4098.436

Apollo 14 and Apollo 16 Heavy-Particle Dosimetry Experiments

Journal Article · Fri Aug 03 04:00:00 EDT 1973 · Science

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1126/science.181.4098.436· OSTI ID:4440542

Fleischer, R. L. ^[1]; Hart, R., H. R. ^[1]; Comstock, G. M. ^[1]; Carter, M. ^[1]; Renshaw, A. ^[1]; Hardy, A. ^[2]

General Electric Co., Schenectady, NY (United States). Research and Development Center
NASA Manned Spacecraft Center, Houston, TX (United States)

Doses of heavy particles at positions inside the command modules of Apollo missions 8, 12, 14, and 16 correlate well with the calculated effects of solar modulation of the primary cosmic radiation. In this work, differences in doses at different stowage positions indicate that the redistribution of mass within the spacecraft could enhance safety from the biological damage that would otherwise be expected on manned, deep-space missions.

Research Organization:: General Electric Co., Schenectady, NY (United States). Research and Development Center

Sponsoring Organization:: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

NSA Number:: NSA-28-020183

OSTI ID:: 4440542

Journal Information:: Science, Journal Name: Science Journal Issue: 4098 Vol. 181; ISSN 0036-8075

Publisher:: AAAS

Country of Publication:: Country unknown/Code not available

Language:: English

References (14)

Enrichment of Heavy Nuclei in the 17 April 1972 Solar Flare Fleischer, R. L.; Hart, H. R. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 30, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.30.31	journal	January 1973
Composition of Cosmic-Ray Nuclei at High Energies Juliusson, Einar; Meyer, Peter; Müller, Dietrich Physical Review Letters, Vol. 29, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.29.445	journal	August 1972
Particle Track Identification: Application of a New Technique to Apollo Helmets Fleischer, R. L.; Hart, H. R.; Giard, W. R. Science, Vol. 170, Issue 3963 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.170.3963.1189	journal	December 1970
The Chemical Composition and the Energy Spectrum of Heavy Nuclei in the Cosmic Radiation above 10 GeV/nucleon Saito, Takeshi Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, Vol. 30, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.30.1535	journal	June 1971
Particle identification by dielectric track detectors Price, P. B.; Fleischer, R. L. Radiation Effects, Vol. 2, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1080/00337576908243992	journal	January 1970
Dielectric plastics as high exposure gamma-ray detectors Frank, A. L.; Benton, E. V. Radiation Effects, Vol. 2, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1080/00337576908243988	journal	January 1970
Identification of Energetic Heavy Nuclei With Solid Dielectric Track Detectors: Applications to Astrophysical and Planetary Studies Price, P. B.; Fleischer, R. L. Annual Review of Nuclear Science, Vol. 21, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ns.21.120171.001455	journal	December 1971
Cosmic-Ray Tracks in Plastics: The Apollo Helmet Dosimetry Experiment Comstock, G. M.; Fleischer, R. L.; Giard, W. R. Science, Vol. 172, Issue 3979 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.172.3979.154	journal	April 1971
Abundances and Energy Spectra of Galactic Cosmic-Ray Nuclei above 20 Mev Per Nucleon in the Nuclear Charge Range 2 ≤ Z ≤ 26 Comstock, G. M.; Fan, C. Y.; Simpson, J. A. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 146 https://doi.org/10.1086/148859	journal	October 1966
Origins of fossil charged-particle tracks in meteorites Fleischer, R. L.; Price, P. B.; Walker, R. M. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 72, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1029/JZ072i001p00331	journal	January 1967
Studies of the chemical composition of cosmic rays withZ=3?30 at high and low energies Webber, W. R.; Damle, S. V.; Kish, J. Astrophysics and Space Science, Vol. 15, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00649920	journal	February 1972
Nuclear Track Recordings of the Astronauts' Radiation Exposure on the First Lunar Landing Mission Apollo XI Schaefer, H. J.; Benton, E. V.; Henke, R. P. Radiation Research, Vol. 49, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.2307/3573264	journal	February 1972
A Linear Current‐Frequency Converter for Ion Pump Current Readout Scholl, R. Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 41, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1684789	journal	August 1970
Enhancement of Track Etching Rates in Charged Particle-irradiated Plastics by a Photo-oxidation Effect Crawford, W. T.; Desorbo, W.; Humphrey, J. S. Nature, Vol. 220, Issue 5174 https://doi.org/10.1038/2201313a0	journal	December 1968

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Apollo 14 and Apollo 16 Heavy-Particle Dosimetry Experiments

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References (14)

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