γ-Ray Initiated Polymerization of Crystalline Monomers

Journal Article · Sun Jul 01 00:00:00 EDT 1956 · Journal of the American Chemical Society

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01594a005· OSTI ID:4351706

Restaino, A. J. ^[1]; Mesrobian, R. B. ^[1]; Morawetz, H. ^[1]; Ballantine, D. S. ^[2]; Dienes, G. J. ^[2]; Metz, D. J. ^[2]

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1. Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn, NY (United States)
2. Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)

Acrylamide, methacrylamide, methylene-bis-acrylamide, vinyl carbazole, vinyl stearate, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and potassium, calcium and barium acrylates have been polymerized in the solid state by irradiation with γ-rays. Further, the molecular weight of polyacrylamide obtained at low conversion was constant over a 270-fold variation of radiation intensity and in the temperature range 20 to 65°, but increased slightly with the energy of the radiation. The polymerization rate, however, was linear with field intensity, independent of the energy of radiation and had an over-all activation energy of 4.7kcal./mole. Irradiation of acrylamide at —179° produced “frozen-in” radicals in concentrations of the order of 10^-4 molal. In the polymerization of vinyl stearate the temperature dependences of rate and molecular weight exhibit a discontinuity on passing through the melting point of the monomer. With barium acrylate there is no significant variation in polymerization rate between 10 and 65°. Crystalline maleic anhydride, allylamine hydrochloride and picrate, and stilbene did not polymerize on exposure to γ-rays.

• Research Organization: Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn, NY (United States); Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
• Sponsoring Organization: US Atomic Energy Commission (AEC)
• NSA Number: NSA-10-006583
• OSTI ID: 4351706
• Report Number(s): NYO--7228; 0002-7863
• Journal Information: Journal of the American Chemical Society, Journal Name: Journal of the American Chemical Society Journal Issue: 13 Vol. 78; ISSN 0002-7863
• Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

ACRYLATES
ACRYLIC ACID
AMIDES
BARIUM COMPOUNDS
CALCIUM COMPOUNDS
CHEMISTRY
ENERGY
EXCITATION
FREE RADICALS
GAMMA RADIATION
HYDROCHLORIC ACID
LATTICES
MASS
MELTING POINTS
MOLECULES
ORGANIC ACIDS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
POLYMERIZATION
POTASSIUM COMPOUNDS
RADIATION CHEMISTRY
RADIATION EFFECTS
SOLIDS
STILBENE
TEMPERATURE
VINYL RADICALS