A GAMMA-RAY ATTENUATION METHOD FOR VOID FRACTION DETERMINATIONS IN EXPERIMENTAL BOILING HEAT TRANSFER TEST FACILITIES
Gamma rays emanating from a radioactive source are beamed through and are attenuated by steam --water mixtures contained in a simulated reactor flow channel. The emergent radiation is detected by a scintillation crystalphotomultiplier tube assembly. An expression is developed which yields the void fraction when the detector output with the channel empty, filled with water, and containing the mixture in question is known. The principal sources of errors inherent in the method are analyzed and their magnitudes computed for a specific test facility. With a uniform bubble distribution on this facility, the maximum possible error in void fraction is approximately plus or minus 0.03. The method is also applied to three idealized preferential phase distributions simulated in Lucite. However, the large discrepancy between calculated and measured void fractions illustrates the need for more refined experimental techniques where non-uniform distribution of voids are encountered. Such techniques are being developed. (auth)
- Research Organization:
- Argonne National Lab., Lemont, Ill.
- DOE Contract Number:
- W-31109-ENG-38
- NSA Number:
- NSA-13-005112
- OSTI ID:
- 4276982
- Report Number(s):
- ANL-5766
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
BOILING
BUBBLES
COOLANT LOOPS
CRYSTAL COUNTERS
DISTRIBUTION
EFFICIENCY
EQUATIONS
ERRORS
EVAPORATION
FLUID FLOW
FUEL ELEMENTS
GAMMA DETECTION
GAMMA RADIATION
GAMMA SOURCES
GAS FLOW
HEAT TRANSFER
MEASURED VALUES
MOCKUP
MODERATORS
MONITORING
NUMERICALS
PHOTOMULTIPLIERS
POLYMERS
REACTOR CORE
REACTORS
REMOTE CONTROL
SCINTILLATION COUNTERS
STEAM
TUBES
WATER
WATER COOLANT
ZONES