HOT-PRESSED LEAD ZIRCONATE-TITANATE-STANNATE CERAMICS
An experimental procedure was developed to hot-press ceramic compositions under a wide range of temperature, time, and pressure conditions. A typical member of the lead zirconate --lead titanate --lead stannate family Pb/ sub 0.99/Nb/sub 0.22/(Zr/sub 0.68/Ti/sub 0.07/Sn/sub 0.25/)/sub 0.98/O/sub 3/ was chosen so that the effects of hot-pressing could be observed on ferroelectric properties as well as on other common physical properties of ceramics. Temperature was varied from 1050 to 1400 deg C, time (at temperature) from one minute to twelve hours, and pressure from 1500 to 12000 psi. Significant improvements in properties were noted for the hot-pressed specimens in comparison to the normally sintered material. Selection of the proper hot-pressing conditions resulted in a general improvement of all the commonly investigated ceramic properties, such as increased remanent polarization, squareness ratio (P/ sub r//R/sub s/), planar coupling coefficient and translucency and a decreased coercive field. Dielectric constant, tangent delta and thermal expansion remained unchanged by hot-pressing. A study of the specimen microstructure showed that the final grain size could be varied by alteration of the hot- pressing conditions or by addition of small amounts of foreign ions to the base composition. Results indicated a dependence of remanent polarization on average grain size. Bulk densities as high as 99.75% theoretical were obtained by hotpressing. (auth)
- Research Organization:
- Sandia Lab., Albuquerque, N. Mex.
- NSA Number:
- NSA-18-000613
- OSTI ID:
- 4159243
- Journal Information:
- American Ceramic Society Bulletin (U.S.), Journal Name: American Ceramic Society Bulletin (U.S.) Vol. Vol: 42; ISSN ACSBA
- Country of Publication:
- Country unknown/Code not available
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
CERAMICS
DENSITY
DIELECTRICS
EFFICIENCY
ELECTRIC FIELDS
ELECTRIC PROPERTIES
ELECTRICITY
EXPANSION
GRAIN SIZE
HIGH TEMPERATURE
HOT WORKING
IONS
LEAD OXIDES
MATERIALS TESTING
METALLOGRAPHY
METALS, CERAMICS, AND OTHER MATERIALS
NIOBIUM OXIDES
POLARIZATION
PRESSURE
SINTERED MATERIALS
STANDARDS
TEMPERATURE
TIN OXIDES
TITANIUM OXIDES
TRACE AMOUNTS
ZIRCONIUM OXIDES