A bleached-kraft mill effluent fraction causing induction of a fish mixed-function oxygenase enzyme
- National Water Research Inst., Burlington, Ontario (Canada). Aquatic Ecosystem Conservation Branch
Pulp mill effluents contain a myriad of chemicals that have the potential to cause deleterious effects on aquatic biota in receiving waters. Some of these chemicals evoke an acute lethal response of exposed biota while others evoke sublethal responses. One such sublethal response is the induction of mixed-function oxygenases (MFO) in fish, specifically the CYP1A1 enzyme ethoxy-resorufin-o-deethylase (EROD). Compounds causing MFO induction include congeners of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dioxins, furans, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The authors followed the partitioning of the inducing chemicals in pulp mill effluent fractions by Toxicity Identification Evaluation (TIE), or bioassay-driven chemical analysis. This procedure was eventually modified to a more direct technique involving centrifugation, filtration, cleanup procedures, and C{sub 18} solid-phase adsorption. The extracts from the fractionation of two pulp mill effluents after secondary treatment were tested for EROD-inducing activity in a 4-d rainbow trout bioassay. The methanol extracts of particulates/colloids showed significant inducing capacity in Mill A effluent but not in Mill B effluent. The C{sub 18} methanol extracts induced activity from both effluents, with extracts from Mill A causing the greatest response. The particulate/colloidal extract (Mill A) was used as the source material for chemicals which caused EROD induction. The fraction was purified by solid-phase extraction techniques and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The majority of the EROD activity was found in the moderately nonpolar region of the chromatogram (K{sub ow} = 4.6 to 5.1).
- Sponsoring Organization:
- USDOE
- OSTI ID:
- 377801
- Journal Information:
- Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Vol. 15, Issue 9; Other Information: PBD: Sep 1996
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
56 BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
APPLIED STUDIES
PAPER INDUSTRY
CHEMICAL EFFLUENTS
WATER POLLUTION
BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS
MIXED-FUNCTION OXIDASES
ENZYME INDUCTION
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS
TOXICITY
DIOXIN
FURANS
POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
ENZYME ACTIVITY
TROUT
BIOASSAY