Equilibrium partial pressures, thermodynamic properties of aqueous and solid phases, and Cl{sub 2} production from aqueous HCl and HNO{sub 3} and their mixtures

Journal Article · Thu May 27 04:00:00 EDT 1999 · Journal of Physical Chemistry A: Molecules, Spectroscopy, Kinetics, Environment, amp General Theory

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/jp9847179· OSTI ID:355559

Massucci, M; Clegg, S L; Brimblecombe, P ^[1]

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1. Univ. of East Anglia, Norwich (United Kingdom). School of Environmental Sciences

Equilibrium total pressures have been measured above aqueous HNO{sub 3} and aqueous HCl using a capacitance manometer. Equilibrium partial pressures of the acids have also been determined, by mass spectrometry, from 274.8 to 234.6 K for both HCl solutions, and from 265.0 to 240.1 K for 15.73 mol kg{sup {minus}1} HNO{sub 3}. Results are generally consistent with model predictions, though with small systematic deviations for the total pressure measurements over aqueous HCl at about 220 K. Mixtures of HCl{minus}HNO{sub 3}{minus}H{sub 2}O composition yielded measured total pressures orders of magnitude greater than predicted for the gases H{sub 2}O, HNO{sub 3}, and HCl. Mass spectrometric determinations and equilibrium thermodynamic calculations suggest that Cl{sub 2} and NOCl were produced by the reaction: 4H{sup +}{sub aq} + NO{sub 3}{sup {minus}}{sub aq} + 3Cl{sup {minus}}{sub aq} {r_equilibrium} NOCl{sub aq} + Cl{sub 2(aq)} + 2H{sub 2}O{sub (1)}, which is known to occur in aqua regia. Calculations for aqueous solutions of stratospheric aerosol composition suggest, purely on equilibrium grounds, that the reaction could be a source of active chlorine in the stratosphere. The correlation of Clegg and Brimblecombe of the thermodynamic properties of aqueous HNO{sub 3} activities has been revised, and vapor pressure products assessed from literature studies. The activity product for the reaction HNO{sub 3}{center_dot}2H{sub 2}O{sub (cr)} {r_equilibrium} H{sup +}{sub (aq)} + NO{sub 3}{sup {minus}}{sub (aq)} + 2H{sub 2}O{sub (1)} has also been determined. The model of Carslaw et al. has been revised for the solubility of HBr in aqueous H{sub 2}SO{sub 4} to stratospheric temperatures.

• OSTI ID: 355559
• Journal Information: Journal of Physical Chemistry A: Molecules, Spectroscopy, Kinetics, Environment, amp General Theory, Journal Name: Journal of Physical Chemistry A: Molecules, Spectroscopy, Kinetics, Environment, amp General Theory Journal Issue: 21 Vol. 103; ISSN 1089-5639; ISSN JPCAFH
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
AEROSOLS
AIR POLLUTION
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY
CHLORIDES
HYDROCHLORIC ACID
MATHEMATICAL MODELS
NITRIC ACID
PARTIAL PRESSURE
THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES