Transportation fuels from coal -- The Shell Coal Gasification and the Shell Middle Distillate Synthesis technology
Conference
·
OSTI ID:324733
- Shell International Coal Ltd. (United Kingdom)
- Shell International Oil Products, B.V., Amsterdam (Netherlands)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (China)
- Ministry of Chemical Industry (China). Second Design Inst.
The development of the Shell Coal Gasification Process (SCGP), and the Shell Middle Distillate Synthesis (SMDS) process started in the early 70`s, being driven mainly by the high oil prices, and by the strategic importance to secure long term feedstock supply position and reliability. Coal and remote natural gas, with their abundant reserves and well spread resource base, are suitable low cost feeds for the production of valuable transportation fuels. The Shell Coal Gasification Process (SCGP) is a clean coal technology, which can convert a wide range of coals into clean syngas. The flexibility of SCGP has been demonstrated for high-rank bituminous coals to low rank lignites and petroleum coke. The syngas produced is broadly applicable in (1) chemical industry for the production of chemicals like ammonia, methanol, acetic acids and hydrogen; (2) oil industry for the synthesis of liquid fuels; and (3) power sector for the generation of electricity. As an example, based on the Shell technology the Dutch Electricity Generating Board (N.V. Sep) operates a 250 MWe integrated coal gasification combined cycle (LCGCC) plant completed in 1993 at Demkolec, The Netherlands. The energy efficiency of ICGCC is as high as 42 to 47% (LHV) depending on the coal and gas turbine used. After its demonstration period, the Demkolec plant will become part of the environmental performance are the significant advantages of the lCGCC plant. The Shell Middle Distillate Synthesis (SMDS) process converts natural gas, via the syngas route, into liquid fuels with superior quality. The heart of the SMDS technology is an enhanced Fischer-Tropsch process, by which heavy (long chain) paraffins are synthesized using the Shell propriety catalyst and technology. The heavy paraffins synthesized are then selectively cracked to produce liquid fuels. The cracking mode is tuned to produce predominantly middle distillates. Constructed in 1992 at Bintulu, Sarawak in Malaysia, the first commercial SMDS plant with a capacity of 12000 bb/d liquid products is in full operation. The combined application of the Shell SCGP and the SMDS technologies offers the possibility to produce liquid fuels from coal. Countries with large indigenous coal resources and limited oil reserves like China are prime candidates for these technologies, as well as for the other applications discussed above.
- OSTI ID:
- 324733
- Report Number(s):
- CONF-970931--
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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