Securing Grid Communications Infrastructure Addressing Gaps Beyond NERC CIP Facility Perimeters
- Idaho National Laboratory
- Former - Idaho National Laboratory
- Scott Madden
- ScottMadden
The North American electric grid relies on a complex communications infrastructure that extends beyond facility perimeters traditionally covered by NERC Critical Infrastructure Protection (CIP) standards. While CIP requirements have significantly strengthened cybersecurity within Electronic Security Perimeters, many operational communications—such as those between control centers, substations, and third-party networks—fall outside current regulatory scope. As grid modernization introduces new technologies and connectivity models, these external pathways present evolving security challenges. This brief explores the nature of these challenges, including emerging attack vectors and supply chain considerations, and highlights how ongoing grid transformation increases exposure to sophisticated threats. It outlines practical strategies and policy options to complement existing standards, such as expanding secure communications practices, enhancing supply chain transparency, and fostering collaboration among federal, state, and industry stakeholders. Near-term actions like encryption, authentication, and contractual safeguards can help reduce risk while longer-term frameworks are developed to ensure resilient and secure grid operations.
- Research Organization:
- Idaho National Laboratory (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States)
- Sponsoring Organization:
- USDOE Office of Nuclear Energy (NE); USDOE Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability (OE)
- DOE Contract Number:
- AC07-05ID14517;
- OSTI ID:
- 3023093
- Report Number(s):
- INL/RPT-25-89588
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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