Conus-Wide Mapping of Water Availability and Cost

Dataset · Wed Mar 11 00:00:00 EDT 2026

DOI:https://doi.org/10.25584/3022708· OSTI ID:3022708

Tidwell, Vincent ^[1]; Son, Kyongho ^[1]

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1. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Background: New demands for water can be satisfied through a variety of source options. In some basins surface and/or groundwater may be available through permitting with the state water management agency (termed unappropriated water), alternatively water might be purchased and transferred out of its current use to another (termed appropriated water), or non-traditional water sources can be captured and treated (e.g., wastewater). The relative availability and cost of each source are key factors in the development decision. Unfortunately, these measures are location dependent with no consistent or comparable set of data available for evaluating competing water sources. With the help of water managers, water availability was mapped for over 2500 watersheds throughout CONUS. These values are unique in that they account for institutional factors (i.e., water rights, compacts, treaties, instream flows) that locally limit water use. Five water sources were individually examined, including unappropriated surface water, unappropriated groundwater, appropriated water, municipal wastewater and brackish groundwater. Associated costs to acquire, convey and treat the water, as necessary, for each of the five sources were estimated. These metrics were developed to support regional water planning and policy analysis with initial application to electric transmission planning in the western US. Problem: These data were originally developed in 20141 and updated in 20182. New datasets on which these data depend have been published. As such, there is need to update the water availability and cost data. There is also need to map this same data to a county resolution and to publish the data in a more accessible place. Organization of the dataset: Data are organized according to five primary water sources: • Unappropriated fresh surface water • Unappropriated fresh groundwater • Appropriated water • Recycled wastewater, and • Brackish water

• Research Organization: PNNL (PNNL2)
• Sponsoring Organization: USDOE Office of Electricity (OE)
• DOE Contract Number: AC05-76RL01830
• OSTI ID: 3022708
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English