Upward band gap bowing and negative mixing enthalpy in multi-component cubic halide perovskite alloys

Zhang, Xiuwen; Sabino, Fernando P.; Xiong, Jia-Xin; Zunger, Alex

doi:10.1103/tp35-8fff

Upward band gap bowing and negative mixing enthalpy in multi-component cubic halide perovskite alloys

Journal Article · Wed Feb 25 00:00:00 EST 2026 · Physical Review Materials

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/tp35-8fff· OSTI ID:3021672

^[1]; Sabino, Fernando P. ^[2]; ^[1]; Zunger, Alex ^[1]

Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States)
Univ. of Sao Paulo (Brazil)

Physical properties intermediate between constituents of alloys can be achieved as downward convex positive bowing, upward concave negative bowing, or zero bowing. Such bowing effects are essential for band gap engineering in semiconductor alloys. Upward band gap bowing effects are rather rare, hindering the exploration on half of the available physical property space of alloys. Part of this being a rare event is related to the need to stabilize an alloy with low mixing enthalpy, so it does not phase separate. Here, in this paper, we find via density functional theory that one can satisfy the simultaneous conditions of negative mixing enthalpy and upward band gap bowing in four-component AB⁢X₃ halide perovskite alloys in the cubic perovskite structure. Such perovskite alloys have the B-site occupied by a mixture of group IVB and IIB elements that have the IVB-𝑠 and IIB-s states in the valence bands and conduction bands, respectively, leaving the delocalized 𝑠 states to strongly repel each other. This 𝑠−𝑠 repulsion leads to the upward band gap bowing and negative mixing enthalpies simultaneously. Remarkably, we identify a perovskite alloy that has a band gap much larger than all its components. Analogous trends of upward band gap bowing and negative mixing enthalpy also appear in the corresponding three-component and two-component AB⁢X₃ halide perovskite alloys. These observations of upward band gap bowing and negative mixing enthalpy will significantly accelerate the design of stable upward band gap bowing alloys in a broad range of material families.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Renewable Power Office. Solar Energy Technologies Office

Grant/Contract Number:: EE0009515; EE0009615

OSTI ID:: 3021672

Journal Information:: Physical Review Materials, Journal Name: Physical Review Materials Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 10; ISSN 2475-9953

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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14 SOLAR ENERGY
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
Band gap bowing
Density functional theory
Halide perovskite alloys

Upward band gap bowing and negative mixing enthalpy in multi-component cubic halide perovskite alloys

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