Composition and persistence of soil organic matter along eroding and depositional transects in buried vs. modern soil layers: A case of the Brady paleosol at Wauneta, Nebraska

Dolui, Manisha; Nel, Teneille; Phillips, Laura M.; McMurtry, Abbygail R.; Moreland, Kimber; Tfaily, Malak; McFarlane, Karis; Mason, Joseph A.; Marin-Spiotta, Erika; de Graaff, Marie-Anne; Ghezzehei, Teamrat; Berhe, Asmeret Asefaw

doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117660

Composition and persistence of soil organic matter along eroding and depositional transects in buried vs. modern soil layers: A case of the Brady paleosol at Wauneta, Nebraska

Journal Article · Tue Jan 06 00:00:00 EST 2026 · Geoderma

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117660· OSTI ID:3017512

Dolui, Manisha ^[1]; ^[2]; Phillips, Laura M. ^[3]; McMurtry, Abbygail R. ^[4]; Moreland, Kimber ^[5]; ^[6]; ^[5]; Mason, Joseph A. ^[3]; Marin-Spiotta, Erika ^[3]; de Graaff, Marie-Anne ^[4]; Ghezzehei, Teamrat ^[2]; ^[2]

Univ. of California, Merced, CA (United States); Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Univ. of California, Merced, CA (United States)
Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States)
Boise State Univ., ID (United States)
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (United States)

Paleosols form when soils are buried through deposition by aeolian, colluvial, alluvial or other processes. Burial of former topsoil isolates soil organic matter (SOM) from surface conditions, allowing carbon to accumulate and potentially remain stable for millennia. In this study, SOM composition, distribution, and persistence were analyzed in the Brady Soil of Nebraska, USA to compare SOM spatial variability in modern and buried soils, as well as the impact of erosional exposure on SOM stability. The Brady Soil, formed as a surface soil during the Pleistocene-Holocene transition and now a paleosol buried up to 6 m deep (or more) by loess deposition during the Holocene, was sampled along burial (up to 5.8 m depth) and erosional (up to 1.8 m depth) transects to compare SOM dynamics in different geomorphic settings. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Fourier Transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS) were used to analyze SOM composition, while δ¹³C isotope analyses identified SOM sources and radiocarbon values were used to estimate turnover rates. Results confirmed a vegetation shift from C3 to C4 plants after Brady Soil formation, reflecting warming climatic conditions. Increasing SOM age and decreasing δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N values with depth indicated slowing of decomposition rate in buried soils. Higher pH in the Brady Soil suggested greater base cation content, supporting SOM stabilization through organo-mineral associations and aggregate formation. However, exposure of the Brady Soil due to surface erosion caused faster SOM turnover. This result suggested susceptibility of buried SOM to losses via decomposition upon erosional exposure, possibly accelerated by priming in response to modern SOM inputs. These findings highlight the potential loss of carbon stocks in buried soils under future climate change, as shifts in soil physicochemical properties may destabilize long-preserved SOM.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Scientific User Facilities (SUF); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830; AC52-07NA27344

Other Award/Contract Number:: 1623812
1623810
1623814

OSTI ID:: 3017512

Report Number(s):: LLNL--JRNL-2007821

Journal Information:: Geoderma, Journal Name: Geoderma Vol. 465; ISSN 0016-7061

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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