Deep Eutectic Solvents for Pretreatment of Lignocellulose Biomass: Physical Properties, Solubility Mechanisms, and Their Interactions

Mqoni, Ntebogeng; Bahadur, Indra; Singh, Sangeeta; Meng, Xianzhi; Ragauskas, Arthur

doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.5c00597

Deep Eutectic Solvents for Pretreatment of Lignocellulose Biomass: Physical Properties, Solubility Mechanisms, and Their Interactions

Journal Article · Tue Jan 13 00:00:00 EST 2026 · Chemical Reviews

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.5c00597· OSTI ID:3017225

Mqoni, Ntebogeng ^[1]; Bahadur, Indra ^[1]; Singh, Sangeeta ^[2]; ^[3]; ^[4]

North-West University (Mafikeng Campus), Mmabatho (South Africa)
Mangosuthu University of Technology, Durban (South Africa)
The University of Tennessee-Knoxville, TN (United States)
The University of Tennessee-Knoxville, TN (United States); Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

As the most accessible and abundant renewable resource on earth, lignocellulosic biomass mainly consists of cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin with a small amount of protein, pectin, minerals, and extractives (e.g., tannins, lipids, and resins). Lignocellulosic biomass has gained extensive attention in industry and research owing to its renewability, availability, and low cost. However, achieving efficient fractionation of lignocellulose components and all-component utilization in a green and cost-effective manner remains a challenge dueto biomass recalcitrance. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have received considerable attention because they are biocompatible, inexpensive, biodegradable, have low toxicity, and are easy to prepare and recycle; these characteristics strongly depend on individual components involved in DESs preparation. This review systematically summarizes recent progress in the fractionation of carbohydrates (cellulose and hemicelluloses) and lignin from biomass using DESs, with particular emphasis on the effects of DES types and pretreatment parameters on fractionation efficiency. The subsequent conversion and upgrading of the DES-fractionated products (i.e., carbohydrates and lignin) are comprehensively analyzed. Finally, the challenges and future prospects of lignocellulose biomass fractionation using DESs are proposed in view of the existing limitations. This review provides an in-depth understanding of lignocellulose biomass fractionation during DESs processing, offering insights to improve current pretreatment methods and/or to explore new pretreatment methods aimed at mitigating the global energy crisis.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 3017225

Journal Information:: Chemical Reviews, Journal Name: Chemical Reviews Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 126; ISSN 1520-6890; ISSN 0009-2665

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Unique low-molecular-weight lignin with high purity extracted from wood by deep eutectic solvents (DES): a source of lignin for valorization Alvarez-Vasco, Carlos; Ma, Ruoshui; Quintero, Melissa Green Chemistry, Vol. 18, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1039/C6GC01007E	journal	January 2016
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Comparison of three deep eutectic solvents and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate in the pretreatment of lignocellulose: effect on enzyme stability, lignocellulose digestibility and one-pot hydrolysis Wahlström, Ronny; Hiltunen, Jaakko; Pitaluga de Souza Nascente Sirkka, Mariáh RSC Advances, Vol. 6, Issue 72 https://doi.org/10.1039/C6RA11719H	journal	January 2016
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New ternary deep eutectic solvents for effective wheat straw deconstruction into its high-value utilization under near-neutral conditions Ci, Yu-hui; Yu, Fei; Zhou, Cheng-xuan Green Chemistry, Vol. 22, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1039/D0GC03240A	journal	January 2020
Development of a novel cellulose solvent based on pyrrolidinium hydroxide and reliable solubility analysis Seiler, Elisabeth Rada Desideria; Takeoka, Yuko; Rikukawa, Masahiro RSC Advances, Vol. 10, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1039/D0RA01486A	journal	January 2020
Process modelling and life cycle assessment coupled with experimental work to shape the future sustainable production of chemicals and fuels Ioannou, Iasonas; D'Angelo, Sebastiano Carlo; Galán-Martín, Ángel Reaction Chemistry & Engineering, Vol. 6, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1039/D0RE00451K	journal	January 2021
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