How Inverter-Based Resources (IBRs) Affect Protection Relay Elements

Conference · Fri Jan 23 00:00:00 EST 2026

DOI:https://doi.org/10.2172/3015386· OSTI ID:3015386

Wang, Jing ^[1]; Chakraborty, Soham ^[1]; Johnson, Brian ^[2]; Pinheiro, Paulo ^[2]; Goncalves, Romulo ^[2]; Manson, Scott ^[3]; Hoke, Andy ^[1]; Kruse, Cameron ^[4]

---

1. National Laboratory of the Rockies, Golden, CO (United States)
2. University of Idaho
3. Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories
4. Kauai Island Utility Cooperative

This presentation starts with the details of IEEE 2800-2022 requirements of IBR for balanced and unbalanced faults. Then, it shows how to design a droop based GFM control to be IEEE 2800-2022 compliant. An performance evaluation is carried out to see if three OEM GFM inverters 2800-2022 compliant or not. And finally we show how IEEE 2800-2022 complaint and non-compliant GFM inverter will impact the transmission line protection elements, such as directional element and FID. Finally, recommendations are made if the GFM is not IEEE 2800-2022 compliant to disable the protection elements that rely on reliable and regulated negative sequence current.

• Research Organization: National Laboratory of the Rockies (NLR), Golden, CO (United States)
• Sponsoring Organization: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Renewable Power Office. Solar Energy Technologies Office
• DOE Contract Number: AC36-08GO28308
• OSTI ID: 3015386
• Report Number(s): NLR/PR-5D00-96505
• Resource Type: Conference presentation
• Conference Information: Presented at the UNIFI General Meeting, 22-24 July 2025, Madison, Wisconsin
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION
42 ENGINEERING
directional element
fault identificaiton logic
FID
GFM inverter
IEEE 2800-2022
transmission line protection