Trends and 2025 Insights on the Rise of Electric Vehicles in the USA

Journal Article · Thu Oct 09 00:00:00 EDT 2025 · Nature Reviews Clean Technology

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s44359-025-00108-3· OSTI ID:3015054

Muratori, Matteo ^[1]; Arent, Doug ^[1]; Bazilian, Morgan ^[2]; Bistline, John ^[3]; Borlaug, Brennan ^[1]; Brown, Austin ^[4]; Cazzola, Pierpaolo ^[5]; Dede, Ercan ^[6]; Gearhart, Chris ^[1]; Greene, David ^[7]; Jenn, Alan ^[8]; Kendall, Alissa ^[8]; Ledna, Catherine ^[1]; Liu, Yanghe ^[6]; Lipman, Timothy ^[9]; Narumanchi, Sreekant ^[1]; Pesaran, Ahmad ^[1]; Sioshansi, Ramteen ^[10]; Timbario, Thomas ^[4]; Walkowicz, Kevin ^[11] ; Yip, Arthur ^[1]

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1. National Laboratory of the Rockies, Golden, CO (United States)
2. Colorado School of Mines
3. Electric Power Research Institute
4. United States Department of Energy
5. Columbia University; University of California, Davis
6. Toyota
7. University of Tennessee at Knoxville
8. University of California, Davis
9. University of California, Berkeley
10. Carnegie Mellon University; The Ohio State University
11. Eaton

Plug-in electric vehicles (EVs) are reshaping the transportation energy landscape, providing a practical alternative to petroleum fuels for a growing number of applications. EV sales grew 55x in the past decade (2014-2024) and 6x since 2020, driven by technological progress enabled by policies to reduce transportation emissions as well as industrial plans motivated by strategic value of EVs for global competitiveness, jobs and geopolitics. In 2024, 22% of passenger cars sold globally were EVs and opportunities for EVs beyond on-road applications are growing, including solutions to electrify off-road vehicles, maritime and aviation. This Review updates and expands our 2020 assessment of the scientific literature and describes the current status and future projections of EV markets, charging infrastructures, vehicle-grid integration and supply chains in the USA. EV is the lowest-emission motorized on-road transportation option, with life-cycle emissions decreasing as electricity emissions continue to decrease. Charging infrastructure grew in line with EV adoption but providing ubiquitous reliable and convenient charging remains a challenge. EVs are reducing electricity costs in several US markets and coordinated EV charging can improve grid resilience and reduce electricity costs for all consumers. The current trajectory of technology improvement and industrial investments points to continued acceleration of EVs.

• Research Organization: National Laboratory of the Rockies (NLR), Golden, CO (United States)
• Sponsoring Organization: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Transportation Office. Vehicle Technologies Office
• DOE Contract Number: AC36-08GO28308
• OSTI ID: 3015054
• Report Number(s): NLR/JA-5400-92042
• Journal Information: Nature Reviews Clean Technology, Journal Name: Nature Reviews Clean Technology Vol. 1
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS
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