Topography and functional traits shape the distribution of key shrub plant functional types in low-Arctic tundra

Yang, Daryl; Hantson, Wouter; Davidson, Kenneth J.; Lamour, Julien; Morrison, Bailey D.; Salmon, Verity G.; Zhang, Tianqi; Ely, Kim S.; Miller, Charles E.; Hayes, Daniel J.; Baines, Stephen; Rogers, Alistair; Serbin, Shawn P.

doi:10.3389/fpls.2025.1724838

Topography and functional traits shape the distribution of key shrub plant functional types in low-Arctic tundra

Journal Article · Wed Jan 07 00:00:00 EST 2026 · Frontiers in Plant Science

DOI:https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2025.1724838· OSTI ID:3013519

^[1]; ^[2]; ^[3]; ^[4]; ^[5]; ^[6]; ^[6]; ^[7]; ^[8]; ^[9]; ^[10]; ^[7]; ^[11]

Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Stony Brook Univ., NY (United States)
Univ. of Maine, Orono, ME (United States); WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos (Switzerland)
Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Stony Brook Univ., NY (United States); American Forests, Washington, WA (United States)
Univ. of Toulouse (France); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Toulouse (France). Centre de Recherche sur la Biodiversité et l’Environnement (CRBE); IRD, Toulouse (France); National Polytechnic Institute of Toulouse (Toulouse INP) (France); Univ. Toulouse 3 – Paul Sabatier (UT3) (France)
Univ. of California, Merced, CA (United States)
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
California Institute of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States)
Univ. of Maine, Orono, ME (United States)
Stony Brook Univ., NY (United States)
Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Stony Brook Univ., NY (United States); NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD (United States)

The expansion of shrubs in the Arctic tundra fundamentally modifies land-atmosphere interactions. However, it remains unclear how shrub distribution and expansion differ across key species due to challenges with discriminating tundra plant species at regional scales. Here, we combined multi-scale, multi-platform remote sensing and in situ trait measurements to elucidate the distribution patterns and primary controls of two representative deciduous-tall-shrub (DTS) genera, Alnus and Salix, in low-Arctic tundra. We show that topographic features were a key control on DTSs, creating heterogeneous, but predictable distributions of Alnus and Salix fractional cover (fCover). Alnus was more tolerant of elevation and slope and was found on hilly uplands (slope >10°) within a specific elevational band (200–400 m above sea level [MSL]). In contrast, Salix occurred at lower elevations (50–300 m MSL) on gentler slopes (3-10°) and required adequate soil moisture associated with its profligate water use. We also show that niche differentiation between Alnus and Salix changed with patch size, where larger patches were more specialized in resource requirements than individual plants of Alnus and Salix. To understand what constrains the growth of DTSs at locations with low fCover, we developed environmental limiting factor models, which showed that topography limits the upper bound of Alnus and Salix fCover in 69.2% and 48.7% of the landscape, respectively. These findings highlight a critical need to better understand and represent topography-controlled processes and functional traits in regulating shrub distribution, as well as a need for more detailed species classification to predict shrubification in the Arctic.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231; AC05-00OR22725

Other Award/Contract Number:: 80NSSC22K1296
80NM0018D0004

OSTI ID:: 3013519

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 3022495

Journal Information:: Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Name: Frontiers in Plant Science Vol. 16; ISSN 1664-462X

Publisher:: Frontiers Research FoundationCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Impacts of Arctic Shrubs on Root Traits and Belowground Nutrient Cycles Across a Northern Alaskan Climate Gradient

Journal Article · Thu Dec 10 19:00:00 EST 2020 · Frontiers in Plant Science · OSTI ID:1734953

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arctic
environmental limits
patch dynamics
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willow

Topography and functional traits shape the distribution of key shrub plant functional types in low-Arctic tundra

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