Large Anomalous and Topological Hall Effect and Nernst Effect in a Dirac Kagome Magnet Fe3 Ge

Xu, Chunqiang; Gupta, Shuvankar; Tan, Hengxin; Bae, Hyeonhu; Emmanuel, Olajumoke Oluwatobiloba; Xu, Mingyu; Wu, Yan; Xu, Xiaofeng; Zhang, Pengpeng; Xie, Weiwei; Yan, Binghai; Ke, Xianglin

doi:10.1002/adfm.202511059

Large Anomalous and Topological Hall Effect and Nernst Effect in a Dirac Kagome Magnet Fe₃ Ge

Journal Article · Wed Oct 29 00:00:00 EDT 2025 · Advanced Functional Materials

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202511059· OSTI ID:3012514

Xu, Chunqiang ^[1]; ^[2]; Tan, Hengxin ^[3]; Bae, Hyeonhu ^[3]; Emmanuel, Olajumoke Oluwatobiloba ^[2]; Xu, Mingyu ^[2]; ^[4]; Xu, Xiaofeng ^[5]; Zhang, Pengpeng ^[2]; Xie, Weiwei ^[2]; Yan, Binghai ^[3]; ^[2]

Ningbo University (China); Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI (United States)
Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI (United States)
Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot (Israel)
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou (China)

Searching for Kagome magnets with novel magnetic and electronic properties has been attracting significant efforts recently. Here, the magnetic, electronic, and thermoelectric properties of Fe₃Ge single crystals with Fe atoms forming a slightly distorted Kagome lattice are reported. It is shown that Fe₃Ge exhibits a large anomalous Hall effect and anomalous Nernst effect. The observed anomalous transverse thermoelectric conductivity $$|α^A_{xz}|$$ reaches ≈4.6 A m⁻¹ K⁻¹, which is larger than the conventional ferromagnets and most of the topological ferromagnets reported in literature. The first-principles calculations suggest that these exceptional transport properties are dominated by the intrinsic mechanism, which highlights the significant contribution of the Berry curvature of massive Dirac gaps in the momentum space. Additionally, a topological Hall resistivity of 0.9 µΩ cm and a topological Nernst coefficient of 1.2 µV K⁻¹ are also observed, which are presumably ascribed to the Berry phase associated with the field-induced non-zero scalar spin chirality. These features highlight the synergic effects of the Berry phases in both momentum space and real space of Fe₃Ge, which render it an excellent candidate for room-temperature thermoelectric applications based on transverse transport.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Materials Sciences & Engineering Division (MSE); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Scientific User Facilities (SUF)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725; SC0019120; SC0019259; SC0023648

OSTI ID:: 3012514

Journal Information:: Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Name: Advanced Functional Materials; ISSN 1616-3028; ISSN 1616-301X

Publisher:: WileyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (63)

ErMn₆Sn₆: A Promising Kagome Antiferromagnetic Candidate for Room‐Temperature Nernst Effect‐Based Thermoelectrics Emmanuel, Olajumoke Oluwatobiloba; Gupta, Shuvankar; Ke, Xianglin Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 35, Issue 39 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202418715	journal	April 2025
Zero‐Field Nernst Effect in a Ferromagnetic Kagome‐Lattice Weyl‐Semimetal Co ₃ Sn ₂ S ₂ Guin, Satya N.; Vir, Praveen; Zhang, Yang Advanced Materials, Vol. 31, Issue 25 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201806622	journal	April 2019
Large Anomalous Nernst Effects at Room Temperature in Fe₃Pt Thin Films Li, Minghang; Pi, Hanqi; Zhao, Yunchi Advanced Materials, Vol. 35, Issue 32 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202301339	journal	July 2023
Recent developments in transport phenomena in Weyl semimetals Hosur, Pavan; Qi, Xiaoliang Comptes Rendus Physique, Vol. 14, Issue 9-10 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crhy.2013.10.010	journal	November 2013
Anomalous Hall effect and Nernst effect in itinerant ferromagnets Asamitsu, A.; Miyasato, T.; Abe, N. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Vol. 310, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2006.10.691	journal	March 2007
Large anomalous Hall effect in a non-collinear antiferromagnet at room temperature Nakatsuji, Satoru; Kiyohara, Naoki; Higo, Tomoya Nature, Vol. 527, Issue 7577 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature15723	journal	October 2015
Massive Dirac fermions in a ferromagnetic kagome metal Ye, Linda; Kang, Mingu; Liu, Junwei Nature, Vol. 555, Issue 7698 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature25987	journal	March 2018
Thermoelectric signature of the chiral anomaly in Cd3As2 Jia, Zhenzhao; Li, Caizhen; Li, Xinqi Nature Communications, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms13013	journal	October 2016
Large topological Hall effect in the non-collinear phase of an antiferromagnet Sürgers, Christoph; Fischer, Gerda; Winkel, Patrick Nature Communications, Vol. 5, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms4400	journal	March 2014
Large anomalous Nernst effect at room temperature in a chiral antiferromagnet Ikhlas, Muhammad; Tomita, Takahiro; Koretsune, Takashi Nature Physics, Vol. 13, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys4181	journal	July 2017
Anomalous Nernst effect beyond the magnetization scaling relation in the ferromagnetic Heusler compound Co2MnGa Guin, Satya N.; Manna, Kaustuv; Noky, Jonathan NPG Asia Materials, Vol. 11, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41427-019-0116-z	journal	April 2019
Tunable anomalous Hall conductivity through volume-wise magnetic competition in a topological kagome magnet Guguchia, Z.; Verezhak, J. A. T.; Gawryluk, D. J. Nature Communications, Vol. 11, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-14325-w	journal	January 2020
Exchange biased anomalous Hall effect driven by frustration in a magnetic kagome lattice Lachman, Ella; Murphy, Ryan A.; Maksimovic, Nikola Nature Communications, Vol. 11, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-14326-9	journal	January 2020
Exchange-biased topological transverse thermoelectric effects in a Kagome ferrimagnet Zhang, Heda; Koo, Jahyun; Xu, Chunqiang Nature Communications, Vol. 13, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-28733-7	journal	March 2022
Topological charge-entropy scaling in kagome Chern magnet TbMn6Sn6 Xu, Xitong; Yin, Jia-Xin; Ma, Wenlong Nature Communications, Vol. 13, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-28796-6	journal	March 2022
Orbital-selective effect of spin reorientation on the Dirac fermions in a non-charge-ordered kagome ferromagnet Fe3Ge Lou, Rui; Zhou, Liqin; Song, Wenhua Nature Communications, Vol. 15, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-53343-w	journal	November 2024
Fluctuation-driven topological Hall effect in room-temperature itinerant helimagnet Fe3Ga4 Baral, Priya R.; Ukleev, Victor; Živković, Ivica Nature Communications, Vol. 16, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-58933-w	journal	April 2025
Magnetic excitations in non-collinear antiferromagnetic Weyl semimetal Mn3Sn Park, Pyeongjae; Oh, Joosung; Uhlířová, Klára npj Quantum Materials, Vol. 3, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41535-018-0137-9	journal	December 2018
Large anomalous Hall current induced by topological nodal lines in a ferromagnetic van der Waals semimetal Kim, Kyoo; Seo, Junho; Lee, Eunwoo Nature Materials, Vol. 17, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-018-0132-3	journal	July 2018
Giant anomalous Hall effect in a ferromagnetic kagome-lattice semimetal Liu, Enke; Sun, Yan; Kumar, Nitesh Nature Physics, Vol. 14, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-018-0234-5	journal	July 2018
Magnetism and charge density wave order in kagome FeGe Teng, Xiaokun; Oh, Ji Seop; Tan, Hengxin Nature Physics https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-023-01985-w	journal	March 2023
Giant and anisotropic many-body spin–orbit tunability in a strongly correlated kagome magnet Yin, Jia-Xin; Zhang, Songtian S.; Li, Hang Nature, Vol. 562, Issue 7725 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0502-7	journal	September 2018
Iron-based binary ferromagnets for transverse thermoelectric conversion Sakai, Akito; Minami, Susumu; Koretsune, Takashi Nature, Vol. 581, Issue 7806 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2230-z	journal	April 2020
Quantum-limit Chern topological magnetism in TbMn6Sn6 Yin, Jia-Xin; Ma, Wenlong; Cochran, Tyler A. Nature, Vol. 583, Issue 7817 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2482-7	journal	July 2020
Transition from Anomalous Hall Effect to Topological Hall Effect in Hexagonal Non-Collinear Magnet Mn3Ga Liu, Z. H.; Zhang, Y. J.; Liu, G. D. Scientific Reports, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-00621-x	journal	March 2017
Transverse thermoelectric generation using magnetic materials Uchida, Ken-ichi; Zhou, Weinan; Sakuraba, Yuya Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 118, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0046877	journal	April 2021
Anomalous Hall effect dominated by intrinsic mechanism in Fe3Ge with hexagonal DO19 Kagome lattice and cubic DO3 structure Li, Zheng; Wang, Yibo; Xia, Zhonghao Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 122, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0118768	journal	January 2023
Large Hall and Nernst responses from thermally induced spin chirality in a spin-trimer ferromagnet Kolincio, Kamil K.; Hirschberger, Max; Masell, Jan Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 118, Issue 33 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2023588118	journal	August 2021
Magnetic properties of hexagonal and cubic Fe ₃ Ge Drijver, J. W.; Sinnema, S. G.; Woude, F. van der Journal of Physics F: Metal Physics, Vol. 6, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1088/0305-4608/6/11/015	journal	November 1976
Berry curvature unravelled by the anomalous Nernst effect in Mn 3 Ge Wuttke, Christoph; Caglieris, Federico; Sykora, Steffen Physical Review B, Vol. 100, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.100.085111	journal	August 2019
Anomalous transverse response of Co 2 MnGa and universality of the room-temperature α i j A / σ i j A ratio across topological magnets Xu, Liangcai; Li, Xiaokang; Ding, Linchao Physical Review B, Vol. 101, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.101.180404	journal	May 2020
Field-induced topological Hall effect and double-fan spin structure with a c -axis component in the metallic kagome antiferromagnetic compound Y Mn 6 Sn 6 Wang, Qi; Neubauer, Kelly J.; Duan, Chunruo Physical Review B, Vol. 103, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.103.014416	journal	January 2021
Topological Nernst effect, anomalous Nernst effect, and anomalous thermal Hall effect in the Dirac semimetal Fe 3 Sn 2 Zhang, H.; Xu, C. Q.; Ke, X. Physical Review B, Vol. 103, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.103.L201101	journal	May 2021
Spin spiral and topological Hall effect in Fe 3 Ga 4 Afshar, Mahdi; Mazin, Igor I. Physical Review B, Vol. 104, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.104.094418	journal	September 2021
Topological Nernst and topological thermal Hall effect in rare-earth kagome ScMn6Sn6 Madhogaria, Richa P.; Mozaffari, Shirin; Zhang, Heda Physical Review B, Vol. 108, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.108.125114	journal	September 2023
Instability of the charge density wave in the kagome magnet FeGe Chen, Ziyuan; Wu, Xueliang; Yin, Ruotong Physical Review B, Vol. 110, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.110.245104	journal	December 2024
Electronic and magnetic properties of the kagome systems YBaCo 4 O 7 and YBaCo 3 M O 7 ( M = Al , Fe ) Hollmann, N.; Hu, Z.; Valldor, M. Physical Review B, Vol. 80, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.80.085111	journal	August 2009
Topological Nernst effect in a three-dimensional skyrmion-lattice phase Shiomi, Y.; Kanazawa, N.; Shibata, K. Physical Review B, Vol. 88, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.88.064409	journal	August 2013
Anomalous Nernst effect of Fe 3 O 4 single crystal Ramos, R.; Aguirre, M. H.; Anadón, A. Physical Review B, Vol. 90, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.90.054422	journal	August 2014
Longitudinal and transverse thermoelectric transport in MnSi Hirokane, Yuji; Tomioka, Yasuhide; Imai, Yoshinori Physical Review B, Vol. 93, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.93.014436	journal	January 2016
Anomalous Hall effect in a ferromagnetic Fe 3 Sn 2 single crystal with a geometrically frustrated Fe bilayer kagome lattice Wang, Qi; Sun, Shanshan; Zhang, Xiao Physical Review B, Vol. 94, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.94.075135	journal	August 2016
Anomalous Nernst effect and field-induced Lifshitz transition in the Weyl semimetals TaP and TaAs Caglieris, F.; Wuttke, C.; Sykora, S. Physical Review B, Vol. 98, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.98.201107	journal	November 2018
Anomalous Nernst Effects in Pyrochlore Molybdates with Spin Chirality Hanasaki, N.; Sano, K.; Onose, Y. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 100, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.106601	journal	March 2008
Intrinsic Quantum Anomalous Hall Effect in the Kagome Lattice Cs 2 LiMn 3 F 12 Xu, Gang; Lian, Biao; Zhang, Shou-Cheng Physical Review Letters, Vol. 115, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.186802	journal	October 2015
Anomalous Nernst Effect in the Dirac Semimetal Cd 3 As 2 Liang, Tian; Lin, Jingjing; Gibson, Quinn Physical Review Letters, Vol. 118, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.136601	journal	March 2017
Anomalous Nernst and Righi-Leduc Effects in Mn 3 Sn : Berry Curvature and Entropy Flow Li, Xiaokang; Xu, Liangcai; Ding, Linchao Physical Review Letters, Vol. 119, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.056601	journal	August 2017
Flatbands and Emergent Ferromagnetic Ordering in Fe 3 Sn 2 Kagome Lattices Lin, Zhiyong; Choi, Jin-Ho; Zhang, Qiang Physical Review Letters, Vol. 121, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.096401	journal	August 2018
Topological Nernst Effect of the Two-Dimensional Skyrmion Lattice Hirschberger, Max; Spitz, Leonie; Nomoto, Takuya Physical Review Letters, Vol. 125, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.125.076602	journal	August 2020
Unconventional Transverse Transport above and below the Magnetic Transition Temperature in Weyl Semimetal EuCd 2 As 2 Xu, Y.; Das, L.; Ma, J. Z. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 126, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.076602	journal	February 2021
Discovery of Charge Order and Corresponding Edge State in Kagome Magnet FeGe Yin, Jia-Xin; Jiang, Yu-Xiao; Teng, Xiaokun Physical Review Letters, Vol. 129, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.166401	journal	October 2022
Intrinsic Versus Extrinsic Anomalous Hall Effect in Ferromagnets Onoda, Shigeki; Sugimoto, Naoyuki; Nagaosa, Naoto Physical Review Letters, Vol. 97, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.126602	journal	September 2006
Crossover Behavior of the Anomalous Hall Effect and Anomalous Nernst Effect in Itinerant Ferromagnets Miyasato, T.; Abe, N.; Fujii, T. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 99, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.086602	journal	August 2007
Topological Hall effect induced by chiral fluctuations in ErMn6Sn6 Fruhling, Kyle; Streeter, Alenna; Mardanya, Sougata Physical Review Materials, Vol. 8, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.8.094411	journal	September 2024
Berry phase effects on electronic properties Xiao, Di; Chang, Ming-Che; Niu, Qian Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 82, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.82.1959	journal	July 2010
Large anomalous Hall effect driven by a nonvanishing Berry curvature in the noncolinear antiferromagnet Mn ₃ Ge Nayak, Ajaya K.; Fischer, Julia Erika; Sun, Yan Science Advances, Vol. 2, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1501870	journal	April 2016
Spin chirality induced skew scattering and anomalous Hall effect in chiral magnets Ishizuka, Hiroaki; Nagaosa, Naoto Science Advances, Vol. 4, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aap9962	journal	February 2018
Competing magnetic phases and fluctuation-driven scalar spin chirality in the kagome metal YMn ₆ Sn ₆ Ghimire, Nirmal J.; Dally, Rebecca L.; Poudel, L. Science Advances, Vol. 6, Issue 51 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abe2680	journal	December 2020
Colossal anomalous Nernst effect in a correlated noncentrosymmetric kagome ferromagnet Asaba, T.; Ivanov, V.; Thomas, S. M. Science Advances, Vol. 7, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abf1467	journal	March 2021
Spin Chirality, Berry Phase, and Anomalous Hall Effect in a Frustrated Ferromagnet Taguchi, Y. Science, Vol. 291, Issue 5513 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1058161	journal	March 2001
Skyrmion lattice with a giant topological Hall effect in a frustrated triangular-lattice magnet Kurumaji, Takashi; Nakajima, Taro; Hirschberger, Max Science, Vol. 365, Issue 6456 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aau0968	journal	August 2019
Heat flux sensing by anomalous Nernst effect in Fe–Al thin films on a flexible substrate Zhou, Weinan; Sakuraba, Yuya Applied Physics Express, Vol. 13, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.35848/1882-0786/ab79fe	journal	March 2020
Large topological Hall effect arising from spin reorientation in kagome magnet Fe3Ge Zhang, Zixuan; Zhao, Mingyue; Ma, Li arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2403.17354	preprint	January 2024
Giant Anomalous Hall Effect in Kagome Nodal Surface Semimetal Fe$_3$Ge Li, Shu-Xiang; Wang, Wencheng; Xu, Sheng arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2501.15424	preprint	January 2025

Similar Records

Topological magnons and topological electronic properties in metallic Kagome magnets

Technical Report · Thu Jul 24 20:00:00 EDT 2025 · OSTI ID:2572994

Topological Nernst and topological thermal Hall effect in rare-earth kagome ScMn₆Sn₆

Journal Article · Wed Sep 06 20:00:00 EDT 2023 · Physical Review. B · OSTI ID:2000252

Topological Nernst effect, anomalous Nernst effect, and anomalous thermal Hall effect in the Dirac semimetal

{Fe}_{3} {Sn}_{2}

Journal Article · Sun May 02 20:00:00 EDT 2021 · Physical Review B · OSTI ID:1780856

Related Subjects

Kagome magnet
Nernst effect
hall effect
topological

Large Anomalous and Topological Hall Effect and Nernst Effect in a Dirac Kagome Magnet Fe3 Ge

Citation Formats

References (63)

Similar Records

Related Subjects

Large Anomalous and Topological Hall Effect and Nernst Effect in a Dirac Kagome Magnet Fe₃ Ge