Modeling of melting and erosion in high velocity microparticle impacts

Lucas, Tyler J.; Barton, Nathan R.; Saunders, Alison M.; Schuh, Christopher A.

doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2025.121488

Modeling of melting and erosion in high velocity microparticle impacts

Journal Article · Tue Aug 26 00:00:00 EDT 2025 · Acta Materialia

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2025.121488· OSTI ID:3011925

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Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States)

High velocity collisions can cause melting, a situation involving elasticity, plasticity, and phase transformations in tandem, which is very challenging for mechanical modeling. Here, this paper advances the use of smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations for this complex situation, investigating stainless steel microspheres impacting a tin substrate. After extensive validation against a range of mechanical and geometrical measurements of experimental impacts, the model provides a detailed, quantitative view of melt volume production over a broad range of impact velocities. It also enables direct decomposition of the impact energy partitioning, including analysis of the energy absorbed by plasticity in the impactor, the system kinetic energy, and the adiabatic heating of the substrate in addition to the melting itself. Since these quantities are not available experimentally, SPH modeling substantially enhances the quantitative understanding of such impacts. Finally, the model speaks to the phase characteristics of the ejecta formed during impact, confirming the experimental inference that the ejected material likely contains a significant fraction of solid material.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Materials Sciences & Engineering Division (MSE)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-07NA27344; SC0018091; SC0025282

OSTI ID:: 3011925

Report Number(s):: LLNL--JRNL-872850

Journal Information:: Acta Materialia, Journal Name: Acta Materialia Journal Issue: 24 Vol. 301; ISSN 1359-6454

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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