Electron transport across the cell envelope via multiheme c-type cytochromes in Geobacter sulfurreducens

Tabari, Media Zakizadeh; Hochbaum, Allon I.

doi:10.3389/fchem.2025.1621274

Electron transport across the cell envelope via multiheme c-type cytochromes in Geobacter sulfurreducens

Journal Article · Wed Jul 16 00:00:00 EDT 2025 · Frontiers in Chemistry

DOI:https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2025.1621274· OSTI ID:3003913

Tabari, Media Zakizadeh ^[1]; Hochbaum, Allon I. ^[1]

University of California, Irvine, CA (United States)

Extracellular electron transfer (EET) enables certain microorganisms to respire using soluble and insoluble extracellular electron acceptors by transporting electrons across the cell envelope. Among these, G. sulfurreducens serves as a model organism for understanding direct EET pathways, where multiheme c-type cytochromes mediate electron transport from intracellular redox carriers to extracellular acceptors such as Fe(III) oxides and electrodes. This review focuses on heme-dependent electron transfer in Geobacter sulfurreducens, detailing the roles of inner membrane cytochromes, periplasmic carriers, outer membrane conduits, and recently characterized extracellular nanowires formed by polymerized multiheme c-type cytochromes, including OmcS, OmcE, and OmcZ. We examine the state of understanding of their physiological function, their structural features, expression patterns, and essentiality under various respiratory conditions. These insights advance our understanding of microbial anaerobic respiration and have implications for biogeochemical cycling, bioenergy generation, and bioremediation. The molecular architecture, assembly mechanisms, and secretion pathways of multiheme c-type cytochrome nanowires remain active areas of investigation, offering promising directions for future research and biotechnological innovation in engineered microbial systems.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: University of California, Irvine, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0020322

OSTI ID:: 3003913

Journal Information:: Frontiers in Chemistry, Journal Name: Frontiers in Chemistry Vol. 13; ISSN 2296-2646

Publisher:: Frontiers Media SACopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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