Development of a wide bandwidth heterodyne dispersion interferometer for electron density measurement of atmospheric pressure plasmas

Akiyama, T.; Hisakado, T.; Vollmer, D.; Palmer, A.; Schroeder, P.; Chen, M. C.; Shirai, N.; Urabe, K.

doi:10.1088/1361-6587/ae1412

Development of a wide bandwidth heterodyne dispersion interferometer for electron density measurement of atmospheric pressure plasmas

Journal Article · Thu Nov 13 00:00:00 EST 2025 · Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/ae1412· OSTI ID:3003771

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General Atomics, San Diego, CA (United States)
Univ. of California, San Diego, CA (United States)
Hokkaido Univ., Sapporo (Japan)
Kyoto Univ. (Japan)

One of the challenges of electron density measurements of an atmospheric pressure plasma (APP) with a laser interferometer is the significant and unwanted phase shift caused by changes in the neutral gas density. These unwanted phase shifts can be mitigated and plasma density measured using an interferometer architecture called a dispersion interferometer (DI). A DI is composed of two nonlinear orientation patterned GaAs crystals for frequency doubling and measures the phase shift induced by a plasma in the interference signal between two second-harmonic beams. Measurement of plasma dynamics or a short plasma pulse in less than a millisecond is enabled with heterodyne detection in a DI using an acousto-optic cell with a frequency of 40 MHz. This heterodyne DI (HDI) is targeted to measure APPs in an electron density range of 10²⁰–10²⁴ m⁻³. Finally, the HDI achieves a line-integrated density resolution of 2 × 10¹⁵ m⁻² (a phase resolution of 0.005°) with a time constant of 1 μs using ensemble averaging techniques.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: General Atomics, San Diego, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Fusion Energy Sciences (FES); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Office of Workforce Development for Teachers & Scientists (WDTS)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0024435

OSTI ID:: 3003771

Journal Information:: Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Journal Name: Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion Journal Issue: 11 Vol. 67; ISSN 0741-3335; ISSN 1361-6587

Publisher:: IOP ScienceCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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atmospheric pressure plasma
dispersion
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nonlinear crystal

Development of a wide bandwidth heterodyne dispersion interferometer for electron density measurement of atmospheric pressure plasmas

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