Dependable classical-quantum computing systems engineering

Giusto, Edoardo; Núñez-Corrales, Santiago; Smith, Kaitlin N.; Cao, Phuong; Younis, Ed; Rech, Paolo; Vella, Flavio; Baheri, Betis; Cilardo, Alessandro; Montrucchio, Bartolomeo; Jiang, Weiwen; Xu, Shuai; Dasgupta, Samudra; Iyer, Ravishankar K.; Humble, Travis S.

doi:10.3389/fcomp.2025.1520903

Dependable classical-quantum computing systems engineering

Journal Article · Wed Jul 16 00:00:00 EDT 2025 · Frontiers in Computer Science

DOI:https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomp.2025.1520903· OSTI ID:3002255

Giusto, Edoardo ^[1]; Núñez-Corrales, Santiago ^[2]; Smith, Kaitlin N. ^[3]; Cao, Phuong ^[2]; Younis, Ed ^[4]; Rech, Paolo ^[5]; Vella, Flavio ^[5]; Baheri, Betis ^[6]; Cilardo, Alessandro ^[1]; Montrucchio, Bartolomeo ^[7]; Jiang, Weiwen ^[8]; Xu, Shuai ^[9]; Dasgupta, Samudra ^[10]; Iyer, Ravishankar K. ^[2]; ^[10]

Univ. of Naples Federico II (Italy)
Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States)
Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States)
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Univ. of Trento (Italy)
Kent State Univ., Kent, OH (United States)
Politecnico di Torino (Italy)
George Mason Univ., Fairfax, VA (United States)
Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH (United States)
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Increasing evidence suggests quantum computing (QC) complements traditional High-Performance Computing (HPC) by leveraging its unique capabilities, leading to the emergence of a new, hybrid paradigm, QHPC. However, this integration introduces new challenges, with dependability–defined by reproducibility, resiliency, and security and privacy–emerging as a central concern for building trustworthy systems that provide an advantage to the users. This paper proposes a framework for dependable QHPC system design, organized around these three pillars. We identify integration challenges, anticipate roadblocks, and highlight productive synergies across QC, HPC, cloud platforms, and network security. Drawing from both classical computing principles and quantum-specific insights, we present a roadmap for co-design that supports robust hybrid architectures. Our approach offers concrete metrics for assessing dependability, provides design guidance for engineers working at the QC-HPC interface, and surfaces new engineering questions around complexity, scale, and fault tolerance. Ultimately, designing for dependability is key to realizing practical, scalable QHPC systems and accelerating the broader quantum ecosystem capable of translating quantum promises into actual application delivery.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 3002255

Journal Information:: Frontiers in Computer Science, Journal Name: Frontiers in Computer Science Vol. 7; ISSN 2624-9898

Publisher:: Frontiers Media S.A.Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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HPC
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