Biotransformation of Pesticides across Biological Systems: Molecular Mechanisms, Omics Insights, and Biotechnological Advances for Environmental Sustainability

Basapuram, Gayatri; Dutta, Avishek; Duttagupta, Srimanti

doi:10.1021/acsomega.5c06484

Biotransformation of Pesticides across Biological Systems: Molecular Mechanisms, Omics Insights, and Biotechnological Advances for Environmental Sustainability

Journal Article · Fri Oct 24 00:00:00 EDT 2025 · ACS Omega

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.5c06484· OSTI ID:3001259

Basapuram, Gayatri ^[1]; Dutta, Avishek ^[2]; ^[1]

University of Georgia, Athens, GA (United States)
University of Georgia, Athens, GA (United States); University of Georgia, Aiken, SC (United States)

The widespread application of pesticides such as organophosphates, organochlorides, and triazines in modern agriculture has led to their notable presence in soils, water bodies, and food chains, raising concerns about persistence, bioaccumulation, and adverse effects on nontarget organisms. Biotransformation, the enzymatic transformation of xenobiotic compounds by microorganisms, plants, and animals, plays a pivotal role in the degradation and detoxification of these chemicals. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the mechanisms, key enzyme classes (e.g., hydrolases, oxidoreductases, transferases), and environmental factors influencing pesticide biotransformation across different biological systems. Recent advances in omics technologies have revolutionized the understanding of microbial and plant metabolism, while synthetic biology offers opportunities for engineering enhanced degradation capabilities. The environmental fate of transformation products is also discussed, together with a critical analysis of challenges, unresolved questions, and future research directions, offering a holistic perspective on pesticide biotransformation as a key process for mitigating chemical pollution.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: University of Georgia, Athens, GA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Environmental Management (EM)

Grant/Contract Number:: EM0005228

OSTI ID:: 3001259

Journal Information:: ACS Omega, Journal Name: ACS Omega Journal Issue: 43 Vol. 10; ISSN 2470-1343

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Non-Specific Animal Esterases as Biomarkers of Pesticide Pollution of Aquatic Ecosystems (Review) Kinareikina, A. G.; Silivanova, E. A.; Kyrov, D. N. Russian Journal of Ecology, Vol. 55, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1134/S106741362402005X	journal	April 2024
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A Model of Hereditary Sensory and Autonomic Neuropathy Type 1 Reveals a Role of Glycosphingolipids in Neuronal Polarity Cui, Mengqiao; Ying, Rong; Jiang, Xue The Journal of Neuroscience, Vol. 39, Issue 29 https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2541-18.2019	journal	May 2019
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Survival and Energy Producing Strategies of Alkane Degraders Under Extreme Conditions and Their Biotechnological Potential Park, Chulwoo; Park, Woojun Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol. 9 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.01081	journal	May 2018
Gene Editing and Systems Biology Tools for Pesticide Bioremediation: A Review Jaiswal, Shweta; Singh, Dileep Kumar; Shukla, Pratyoosh Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol. 10 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.00087	journal	February 2019
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A Review Article: Electrokinetic Bioremediation Current Knowledge and New Prospects Hassan, Ikrema; Mohamedelhassan, Eltayeb; Yanful, Ernest K. Advances in Microbiology, Vol. 06, Issue 01 https://doi.org/10.4236/aim.2016.61006	journal	January 2016

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