Capturing the Page curve and entanglement dynamics of black holes in quantum computers

Chowdhury, Talal Ahmed; Yu, Kwangmin; Asaduzzaman, Muhammad; Sufian, Raza Sabbir

doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2025.117112

Capturing the Page curve and entanglement dynamics of black holes in quantum computers

Journal Article · Thu Sep 11 00:00:00 EDT 2025 · Nuclear Physics. B

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2025.117112· OSTI ID:3000526

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University of Dhaka (Bangladesh); Univ. of Kansas, Lawrence, KS (United States)
Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
Univ. of Iowa, Iowa City (United States). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy
New Mexico State Univ., Las Cruces, NM (United States); Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States). RIKEN Research Center

Quantum computers are emerging technologies expected to become important tools for exploring various aspects of fundamental physics in the future. Therefore, we pose the question of whether quantum computers can help us to study the Page curve and the black hole information dynamics, which has been a key focus in fundamental physics. In this regard, we rigorously examine the qubit transport model, a toy qubit model of black hole evaporation on IBM’s superconducting quantum computers, to shed light on this question. Specifically, we implement the quantum simulation of the scrambling dynamics in black holes using an efficient random unitary circuit. Furthermore, we employ the swap-based many-body interference protocol and the randomized measurement protocol to measure the entanglement entropy of Hawking radiation qubits in this model. Finally, by incorporating quantum error mitigation techniques into our challenging implementation of entanglement entropy measurement protocols on the IBM quantum hardware, we accurately determine the Rényi entropy in the qubit transport model, thus showcasing the utility of quantum computers for future investigations of complex quantum systems.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC); USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Scientific User Facilities (SUF)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231; AC05-00OR22725; SC0012704

OSTI ID:: 3000526

Report Number(s):: BNL--229079-2025-JAAM

Journal Information:: Nuclear Physics. B, Journal Name: Nuclear Physics. B Vol. 1019; ISSN 0550-3213

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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