Bootstrap current modeling in M3D-C1

Saxena, Saurabh; Ferraro, Nathaniel M.; Martin, Mike F.; Wright, Adelle

doi:10.1017/s0022377825100834

Bootstrap current modeling in M3D-C1

Journal Article · Fri Oct 17 00:00:00 EDT 2025 · Journal of Plasma Physics

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022377825100834· OSTI ID:2999853

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Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States)
Thea Energy, Kearny, NJ (United States)
Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States)

Bootstrap current plays a crucial role in the equilibrium of magnetically confined plasmas, particularly in quasi-symmetric stellarators and in tokamaks, where it can represent bulk of the electric current density. Accurate modeling of this current is essential for understanding the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equilibrium and stability of these configurations. This study expands the modeling capabilities of M3D-C1, an extended-MHD code, by implementing self-consistent physics models for bootstrap current. It employs two analytical frameworks: a generalized Sauter model (Sauter et al. 1999 Phys. Plasmas vol. 6, no. 7, pp. 2834–2839), and a revised Sauter-like model (Redl et al. 2021 Phys. Plasmas vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 022502). The isomorphism described by Landreman et al. (2022 Phys. Rev. Lett. vol. 128, pp. 035001) is employed to apply these models to quasi-symmetric stellarators. The implementation in M3D-C1 is benchmarked against neoclassical codes, including NEO, XGCa and SFINCS, showing excellent agreement. These improvements allow M3D-C1 to self-consistently calculate the neoclassical contributions to plasma current in axisymmetric and quasi-symmetric configurations, providing a more accurate representation of the plasma behavior in these configurations. A workflow for evaluating the neoclassical transport using SFINCS with arbitrary toroidal equilibria calculated using M3D-C1 is also presented. This workflow enables a quantitative evaluation of the error in the Sauter-like model in cases that deviate from axi- or quasi-symmetry (e.g. through the development of an MHD instability).

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-09CH11466

OSTI ID:: 2999853

Journal Information:: Journal of Plasma Physics, Journal Name: Journal of Plasma Physics Journal Issue: 5 Vol. 91; ISSN 0022-3778; ISSN 1469-7807

Publisher:: Cambridge University PressCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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