A genomic view of Earth’s biomes

Szabó, Gitta; Eloe-Fadrosh, Emiley A.; Pett-Ridge, Jennifer; Woyke, Tanja

doi:10.1038/s41576-025-00888-1

A genomic view of Earth’s biomes

Journal Article · Mon Sep 15 04:00:00 EDT 2025 · Nature Reviews. Genetics

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41576-025-00888-1· OSTI ID:2999045

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USDOE Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Berkeley, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); Univ. of California, Merced, CA (United States); University of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
USDOE Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Berkeley, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Univ. of California, Merced, CA (United States)

Microorganisms are essential to all life on Earth through critical roles in key biological processes and diverse interactions with other organisms that shape ecosystems, drive biogeochemical cycles and influence both human health and environmental health. High-throughput sequencing from environmental samples has revolutionized the understanding of microbial diversity and functions. With vast amounts of genomes now available across Earth’s biomes, these data provide a blueprint of microbial life that can be harnessed for a more holistic understanding of microbiome structure and function across the various ecosystems on Earth. Here we review the application of genome-centric approaches, including recent advances in single-cell sequencing and functional profiling, to survey microbial and viral diversity. Furthermore, we highlight some of the most impactful evolutionary and functional discoveries, explore the spatial diversity and temporal dynamics of microorganisms across diverse environments, and discuss genome-enabled insights into host-associated microorganisms.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Scientific User Facilities (SUF); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-07NA27344; AC02-05CH11231

OSTI ID:: 2999045

Report Number(s):: LLNL--JRNL-2007221

Journal Information:: Nature Reviews. Genetics, Journal Name: Nature Reviews. Genetics; ISSN 1471-0056; ISSN 1471-0064

Publisher:: Springer NatureCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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