Ordinary and exotic mesons in the extended Linear Sigma Model

Giacosa, Francesco; Kovács, Péter; Jafarzade, Shahriyar

doi:10.1016/j.ppnp.2025.104176

Ordinary and exotic mesons in the extended Linear Sigma Model

Journal Article · Mon Apr 21 00:00:00 EDT 2025 · Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppnp.2025.104176· OSTI ID:2998173

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Jan Kochanowski Univ. (Poland); Goethe Univ., Frankfurt (Germany)
HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics (Hungary)
Jan Kochanowski Univ. (Poland); Arizona State Univ., Tempe, AZ (United States); Khazar Univ. (Azerbaijan); Azerbaijan State Economic Univ. (Azerbaijan)

The extended Linear Sigma Model (eLSM) is a hadronic model based on the global symmetries of QCD and the corresponding explicit, anomalous, and spontaneous breaking patterns. In its basic three-flavor form, its mesonic part contains the dilaton/glueball as well as the nonets of pseudoscalar, scalar, vector, and axial–vector mesons, thus chiral symmetry is linearly realized. In the chiral limit and neglecting the chiral anomaly, only one term – within the dilaton potential – breaks dilatation invariance, and all terms are chirally symmetric. Spontaneous symmetry breaking is implemented by a generalization of the Mexican-hat potential, with explicit symmetry breaking responsible for its tilting. The overall mesonic phenomenology up to ~2 GeV is in agreement with the PDG compilation of masses and partial and total decay widths. The eLSM was enlarged in a straightforward way to include other conventional quark–antiquark nonets (pseudovector and orbitally excited vector mesons, tensor and axial-tensor mesons, radially excited (pseudo)scalar mesons, etc.), as well as two nonets of hybrid mesons, the lightest one with exotic quantum numbers J^{$$\mathscr{PC}$$} = 1^-+ not allowed for $$\bar{q}q$$ objects, such as the resonance π₁(1600) and the recently discovered η₁(1855) . In doing so, different types of chiral multiplets are introduced: heterochiral and homochiral multiplets, which differ in the way they transform under chiral transformations. Moreover, besides the scalar glueball that is present from the beginning as dilaton, other glueballs, the tensor, the pseudoscalar and the vector glueballs were coupled to the eLSM: the scalar resonance ƒ₀(1710) turns out to be mostly gluonic, the tensor glueball couples strongly to vector mesons, and the pseudoscalar glueball couples sizably to $ππη'$ and can be assigned to X (2370) or X (2600). In all cases above, masses and decays can be analyzed allowing for a better understanding of both conventional and non-conventional mesons: whenever data are available, a comparison is performed and, when this is not the case, predictions of decay widths and decay ratios are outlined. The eLSM contains chiral partners on an equal footing and is therefore well suited for studies of chiral symmetry restoration at nonzero temperature and densities: this is done by coupling it to the Polyakov loop. Finally, the QCD phase diagram and the location of the critical endpoint were investigated within this framework.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Indiana Univ., Bloomington, IN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0023598

OSTI ID:: 2998173

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 2563521

Journal Information:: Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics, Journal Name: Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics Vol. 143; ISSN 0146-6410

Publisher:: Elsevier BVCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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How the axial anomaly controls flavor mixing among mesons Giacosa, Francesco; Koenigstein, Adrian; Pisarski, Robert D. Physical Review D, Vol. 97, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.97.091901	journal	May 2018
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