Hybrid Additive and Subtractive Manufacturing of Dual‐Wavelength Photopolymer Thermosets

Howard, Holden J.; Alameda, Benjamin M.; De Beer, Martin P.; Mettry‐Yassa, Magi; Schwartz, Johanna J.; Terrel‐Perez, Dongping

doi:10.1002/admt.202500997

Hybrid Additive and Subtractive Manufacturing of Dual‐Wavelength Photopolymer Thermosets

Journal Article · Thu Sep 18 00:00:00 EDT 2025 · Advanced Materials Technologies

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202500997· OSTI ID:2589567

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Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

Additive manufacturing (AM) techniques such as digital light processing (DLP) AM and stereolithography enable the production of highly complex structures with speed and ease as not previously possible. However, many traditional thermosetting photopolymers used in these processes result in a permanently crosslinked structure incapable of being broken down or modified without the use of energy-intensive processes such as mechanical machining or ablation. To overcome this limitation, this production is described of thiol-ene photopolymer thermosets with dual-wavelength photopolymerization and photodegradation reaction pathways. The dual wavelength selectivity of the polymerization (405 nm) and degradation (365 nm) processes, combined with dual-wavelength DLP AM technology, enables hybrid manufacturing with the ability to add and sequentially subtract material with excellent spatiotemporal control. 2D lithographs and complex 3D architectures with soft elastomeric properties are produced with resolutions as small as 50 µm. Furthermore, the ability to selectively subtract supports from 3D printed structures with deliberate and accurate control is demonstrated. In conclusion, the ability to correct or modify existing structures enables a new paradigm of adaptable materials for corrective manufacturing techniques and temporary structures.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-07NA27344

OSTI ID:: 2589567

Journal Information:: Advanced Materials Technologies, Journal Name: Advanced Materials Technologies; ISSN 2365-709X

Publisher:: WileyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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