Integrated modeling of alpha particle losses in JET DT plasmas

Bonofiglo, Phillip J.; Podestà, Mario; Kiptily, Vasily G.; Rivero-Rodriguez, Juan Francisco; Gorelenkov, Nikolai N.; Gorelenkova, Marina; Nocente, Massimo; Štancar, Žiga; Poradzinski, Michal; Sharapov, Sergei E.; Fitzgerald, Michael; Dumont, Remi; Garcia, Jeronimo; Keeling, David; Hawkes, Nicholas; Sun, Hongjuan

doi:10.1088/1741-4326/ae0656

Integrated modeling of alpha particle losses in JET DT plasmas

Journal Article · Tue Sep 23 00:00:00 EDT 2025 · Nuclear Fusion

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ae0656· OSTI ID:2589006

^[1]; ^[2]; ^[3]; ^[4]; ^[1]; ^[1]; ^[5]; ^[3]; ^[3]; ^[3]; Fitzgerald, Michael ^[3]; ^[6]; ^[6]; Keeling, David ^[3]; Hawkes, Nicholas ^[3]; ^[3]

Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States)
Ecole Polytechnique Federale Lausanne (EPFL) (Switzerland)
United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority (UKAEA), Abingdon (United Kingdom)
United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority (UKAEA), Abingdon (United Kingdom); Universidad de Sevilla (Spain)
University of Milano-Bicocca (Italy)
CEA, IRFM, Saint Paul Lez Durance (France)

Alpha particle confinement is crucial for sustaining burning plasmas and designing future reactor concepts. Along with classical/prompt losses, various magnetohydrodynamic instabilities can lead to wave-particle interactions which can transport alpha particles outward from the plasma. This can result in a reduction in plasma heating/performance, and, at worst, damage in-vessel components. Joint European Torus’s recent deuterium–tritium campaigns in 2021–2023 have produced numerous alpha particle loss measurements with its scintillator probe and Faraday cup array fast ion loss detectors as discussed in Bonofiglo et al (2024 Nucl. Fusion 64 096038). This paper will report on integrated energetic particle transport modeling in support of those measurements. The modeling is accomplished with the TRANSP and ORBIT-kick codes with the use of recently developed reduced models which calculate mode structure, amplitude, and the evolving dynamics. When possible, constraints and comparisons to experiment are conducted. Case studies are performed on a variety of magnetohydrodynamic activity, including: fishbones, tearing modes (TMs), and sawtooth crashes. Additionally, a special case of an alpha-driven toroidal Alfvén eigenmode is briefly discussed, where modeling showed marginally weak alpha losses and was unable to support experimental observations. Coupled effects between a TM and toroidal field ripple are presented and were unable to replicate the observations in lost particle pitch but did duplicate the localized flattening of the measured neutron profile. Additional modeling results compare the magnitude of losses and energy/velocity-space sensitivities against experimental observations/measurements for each scenario. This work corroborates numeric alpha transport modeling while also identifying model deficiencies. While this report details alpha transport, it also presents open issues for discussion in assessing the validity of our numerical models towards burning plasmas.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Fusion Energy Sciences (FES)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-09CH11466

OSTI ID:: 2589006

Journal Information:: Nuclear Fusion, Journal Name: Nuclear Fusion Journal Issue: 10 Vol. 65; ISSN 1741-4326; ISSN 0029-5515

Publisher:: IOP PublishingCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Alpha particle loss measurements and analysis in JET DT plasmas Bonofiglo, P. J.; Kiptily, V. G.; Rivero-Rodriguez, J. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 64, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ad69a1	journal	August 2024
Mode evolution of TAE due to alpha particles and synergy with ripple loss in CFETR Hao, Baolong; Chen, Wei; Lin, Xiaodong Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 65, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/adac75	journal	February 2025
Energetic particle physics: Chapter 7 of the special issue: on the path to tokamak burning plasma operation Salewski, M.; Spong, D. A.; Aleynikov, P. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 65, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/adb763	journal	March 2025
Chaos in trapped particle orbits White, R. B. Physical Review E, Vol. 58, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.58.1774	journal	August 1998
Evidence of Electron Heating by Alpha Particles in JET Deuterium-Tritium Plasmas Kiptily, V. G.; Dumont, R.; Fitzgerald, M. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 131, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.131.075101	journal	August 2023
Saturation of Fishbone Instability by Self-Generated Zonal Flows in Tokamak Plasmas Brochard, G.; Liu, C.; Wei, X. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 132, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.132.075101	journal	February 2024
Measurement of Zero-Frequency Fluctuations Generated by Coupling between Alfvén Modes in the JET Tokamak Ruiz Ruiz, J.; Garcia, J.; Barnes, M. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 134, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.095103	journal	March 2025
Confinement of High-Energy Trapped Particles in Tokamaks Goldston, R. J.; White, R. B.; Boozer, A. H. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 47, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.47.647	journal	August 1981
Confinement of Fusion Reaction Products during the Fishbone Instability Heidbrink, W. W.; Hay, Ralph; Strachan, J. D. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 53, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.53.1905	journal	November 1984
Stabilization of Sawteeth with Additional Heating in the JET Tokamak Campbell, D. J.; Start, D. F. H.; Wesson, J. A. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 60, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.60.2148	journal	May 1988
Alpha-Particle-Driven Toroidal Alfvén Eigenmodes in the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor Nazikian, R.; Fu, G. Y.; Batha, S. H. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 78, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.78.2976	journal	April 1997
Transport study for passing energetic ions in presence of the resonant interactions with rotating magnetic islands Cao, Jinjia; Wang, Aike; Gong, Xueyu EPL (Europhysics Letters), Vol. 112, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/112/55001	journal	December 2015
MHD Equilibrium Reconstruction in the DIII-D Tokamak Lao, L. L.; John, H. E. St.; Peng, Q. Fusion Science and Technology, Vol. 48, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.13182/FST48-968	journal	October 2005
Plasma Oscillation Bursts and Scattering of Intermediate Energy Alpha Particles Coppi, Bruno; Porcelli, F. Fusion Technology, Vol. 13, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.13182/FST88-A25122	journal	March 1988
Investigations of Fast-Particle Behavior in Joint European Torus Plasmas Using Nuclear Techniques Sadler, Guy J.; Conroy, Sean W.; Jarvis, Owen N. Fusion Technology, Vol. 18, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.13182/FST90-A29247	journal	December 1990

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