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A unified realization of electrical quantities from the quantum International System of Units

Journal Article · · Nature Electronics
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [2];  [4];  [3];  [2];  [5];  [5];  [5];  [2];  [2];  [2];  [2];  [1]
  1. Stanford Univ., CA (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States). Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Science (SIMES)
  2. National Inst. of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD (United States)
  3. National Inst. of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD (United States); Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States)
  4. SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States). Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Science (SIMES); Stanford Univ., CA (United States)
  5. Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA (United States)
+ Show Author Affiliations

In the revised International System of Units (SI), the ohm and the volt are realized from the von Klitzing constant and the Josephson constant, and a practical realization of the ampere is possible by applying Ohm’s law directly to the quantum Hall and Josephson effects. As a result, it is possible to create an instrument capable of realizing all three primary electrical units, but the development of such a system remains challenging. Here, in this study, we report a unified realization of the volt, ohm and ampere by integrating a quantum anomalous Hall resistor (QAHR) and a programmable Josephson voltage standard (PJVS) in a single cryostat. Our system has a quantum voltage output that ranges from 0.24 mV to 6.5 mV with combined relative uncertainties down to 3 μV V−1. The QAHR provides a realization of the ohm at zero magnetic field with uncertainties near 1 μΩ Ω−1. We use the QAHR to convert a longitudinal current to a quantized Hall voltage and then directly compare that against the PJVS to realize the ampere. We determine currents in the range of 9.33–252 nA, and our lowest uncertainty is 4.3 μA A−1 at 83.9 nA. For other current values, a systematic error that ranges from −10 μA A−1 to −30 μA A−1 is present due to the imperfect isolation of the PJVS microwave bias.

Research Organization:
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Materials Sciences & Engineering Division (MSE); US Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); US Army Research Office (ARO); National Science Foundation (NSF); Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (GBMF)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-76SF00515
OSTI ID:
2587705
Journal Information:
Nature Electronics, Journal Name: Nature Electronics Journal Issue: 8 Vol. 8; ISSN 2520-1131
Publisher:
Springer Science and Business Media LLCCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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Figures / Tables (20)

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Table 1(p. 5)table Table 1
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