Direct Prelithiation of Silicon-Based Composite Electrodes via Island-like Thermal Evaporation

Musgrove, Amanda L.; Browning, Katie L.; Sacci, Robert L.; Ullman, Andrew; Meyer III, Harry M.; Musgrove, Kyle; Quinn, Joseph; Möller, Sören; Finsterbusch, Martin; Veith, Gabriel M.

doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.4c06113

Direct Prelithiation of Silicon-Based Composite Electrodes via Island-like Thermal Evaporation

Journal Article · Thu Feb 27 23:00:00 EST 2025 · Energy & Fuels

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.4c06113· OSTI ID:2586935

^[1]; Browning, Katie L. ^[1]; ^[1]; ^[1]; ^[1]; Musgrove, Kyle ^[2]; Quinn, Joseph ^[3]; ^[4]; ^[5]; ^[1]

Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
Forschungszentrum Juelich (Germany)
Forschungszentrum Juelich (Germany); Juelich Aachen Research Alliance (JARA-Energy) (Germany)

Irreversible losses of Li during solid electrolyte interface (SEI) conditioning in batteries are a key contributor to the lower specific capacities observed in silicon-containing Li-ion batteries. Herein, thermal evaporation of between 1 and 20 μm of Li onto Si-based composite anodes has been investigated as a prelithiation method to compensate for such losses. Additionally, to account for mechanical strain caused by Li–Si alloying and electrode expansion during the deposition, a stainless-steel mesh is applied to the electrodes before prelithiation to form “island-like” deposition on the electrode surface. Here, the open circuit potential was also found to decrease as a function of increased Li evaporation, consistent with the potentials of electrochemically prepared Li_xSi alloys. Prelithiating to compensate for irreversible Li losses to SEI formation resulted in full cells with a 15.8% increase in initial Coulombic efficiency and a 47.8% reduction in irreversible capacity loss after SEI formation cycling. Subsequent C/3 cycling showed up to a 62.9% increase in the specific capacity in prelithiated cells. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed differences in the SEI composition that was formed by electrochemical cycling and reactively formed in prelithiated cells upon exposure to the Gen2 + 3% FEC electrolyte. The reactively formed SEI from the spontaneous reaction with lithiated silicon was carbonate-rich, while the electrochemical SEI formation showed significantly more LiPF_x species, which could play a role in overall cycling performance.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Office of Sustainable Transportation. Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO); German Ministry of Education and Science (BMBF)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 2586935

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 2587179

Journal Information:: Energy & Fuels, Journal Name: Energy & Fuels Journal Issue: 10 Vol. 39; ISSN 1520-5029; ISSN 0887-0624

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Impact of Full Prelithiation of Si-Based Anodes on the Rate and Cycle Performance of Li-Ion Capacitors Eguchi, Takuya; Sugawara, Ryoichi; Abe, Yusuke Batteries, Vol. 8, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries8060049	journal	May 2022
A New High-Throughput Focused MeV Ion-Beam Analysis Setup Möller, Sören; Höschen, Daniel; Kurth, Sina Instruments, Vol. 5, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3390/instruments5010010	journal	February 2021

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