Validation of SOLPS-ITER and EDGE2D-EIRENE simulations for H, D, and T JET ITER-like wall low-confinement mode plasmas

Horsten, N.; Groth, M.; Rikala, V.-P.; Lomanowski, B.; Meigs, A. G.; Aleiferis, S.; Bonnin, X.; Corrigan, G.; Dekeyser, W.; Futtersack, R.; Harting, D.; Reiter, D.; Solokha, V.; Thomas, B.; Van den Kerkhof, S.; Vervloesem, N.

doi:10.1016/j.nme.2024.101842

Validation of SOLPS-ITER and EDGE2D-EIRENE simulations for H, D, and T JET ITER-like wall low-confinement mode plasmas

Journal Article · Sun Dec 15 00:00:00 EST 2024 · Nuclear Materials and Energy

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nme.2024.101842· OSTI ID:2586832

^[1]; ^[2]; ^[2]; Lomanowski, B. ^[3]; Meigs, A. G. ^[4]; ^[4]; ^[5]; Corrigan, G. ^[4]; ^[1]; Futtersack, R. ^[4]; ^[6]; ^[7]; ^[2]; Thomas, B. ^[4]; ^[1]; ^[1]

Katholieke Univ. Leuven (Belgium)
Aalto Univ. (Finland)
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
UK Atomic Energy Authority (UKAEA), Culham (United Kingdom)
ITER Organization, St. Paul Lez Durance (France)
Forschungszentrum Juelich (Germany)
Heinrich-Heine-Univ. (Germany)

Both experiments and simulations with SOLPS-ITER and EDGE2D-EIRENE show that the onset of detachment for the low-field side (LFS) divertor – defined here as the line-averaged upstream density (〈n_e〉_edge) at which the plasma flux to the LFS target (I_LFS-plate) starts to decrease with increasing 〈n_e〉_edge – is independent of the isotope mass. However, there are three major simulation-experiment discrepancies: (i) the absolute values of I_LFS-plate and the electron density (n_e) in the LFS divertor at the onset of detachment are significantly lower in simulations, i.e., approximately a factor of 2 for I_LFS-plate and a factor of 3-4 for n_e; (ii) the degree of detachment – defined here as the difference between I_LFS-plate at the onset of detachment and at an 〈n_e〉_edge value close to the density limit – is smaller in simulations compared to experiments; and (iii) the experimentally observed larger degree of detachment for D and T plasmas compared to H plasmas cannot be clearly distinguished from the simulation results. There are strong indications that discrepancy (i) is to a large extent caused by neglecting Lyman-opacity effects in our simulations. The simulations predict a similar net volumetric recombination source for all isotopes due to the fact that molecule-activated recombination (MAR) compensates for the reduced electron–ion recombination (EIR) for H, whereas MAR is negligible for D and T. This similar net volumetric recombination source for all isotopes leads to an isotope-independent degree of detachment in simulations. An analysis of the Balmer-α and Balmer-$$γ$$ emission confirms the underestimate of MAR in simulations (especially for D and T) for the JET metallic wall, which was previously observed for devices with a carbon wall. The underestimate of MAR is an important cause for discrepancy (ii) and the fact that there is a stronger underestimate of MAR for D and T than for H explains discrepancy (iii). Extending the plasma grid to the vessel wall increases I_LFS-plate and n_e at the onset of detachment by 25%, and the EIR source increases by 80% in detached conditions. Hence, while the extended grid results are closer to the experimental observations, the previously described qualitative discrepancies still persist.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

Contributing Organization:: JET Contributors

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 2586832

Journal Information:: Nuclear Materials and Energy, Journal Name: Nuclear Materials and Energy Vol. 42; ISSN 2352-1791

Publisher:: Elsevier BVCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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