Shoreline wave breaking strongly enhances the coastal sea spray aerosol population: Climate and air quality implications

Zhou, Shengqian; Salter, Matthew; Bertram, Timothy; Azevedo, Eduardo Brito; Reis, Francisco; Wang, Jian

doi:10.1126/sciadv.adw0343

Shoreline wave breaking strongly enhances the coastal sea spray aerosol population: Climate and air quality implications

Journal Article · Wed Aug 27 00:00:00 EDT 2025 · Science Advances

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adw0343· OSTI ID:2586675

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Washington University in St. Louis, MO (United States)
Stockholm University (Sweden)
University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States)
University of the Azores (Portugal)
Environmental Observatory of the Azores (Portugal)

Sea spray aerosol (SSA) emission is a major source of atmospheric aerosols, influencing global climate and coastal air quality. Much of our knowledge about SSA derives from coastal observations near shorelines, but whether and when these observations accurately represent open oceans remain unclear. Here, we show that strong nearshore SSA production during high-wave periods greatly enhances downwind cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and aerosol mass concentrations. Strong shoreline wave breaking is widespread globally, and swell waves, which are decoupled from local winds, play a dominant role in many coastal regions. Therefore, extrapolating results based on coastal measurements to open oceans may significantly overestimate SSA concentration and its contribution to CCN and, by extension, the impact of SSA on clouds and climate. Additionally, the strong enhancement of coastal aerosol population by shoreline wave breaking and its environmental impact on coastal communities cannot be captured by current regional models, which do not parameterize nearshore SSA generation using wave energy or completely neglect it.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)

Contributing Organization:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL); Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL); Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL); Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725; SC0021017; SC0021985

OSTI ID:: 2586675

Journal Information:: Science Advances, Journal Name: Science Advances Journal Issue: 35 Vol. 11; ISSN 2375-2548

Publisher:: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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