Pre-existing humoral immunity to human common cold coronaviruses negatively impacts the protective SARS-CoV-2 antibody response

Lin, Chun-Yang; Wolf, Joshua; Brice, David C.; Sun, Yilun; Locke, Macauley; Cherry, Sean; Castellaw, Ashley H.; Wehenkel, Marie; Crawford, Jeremy Chase; Zarnitsyna, Veronika I.; Duque, Daniel; Allison, Kim J.; Allen, E. Kaitlynn; Brown, Scott A.; Mandarano, Alexandra H.; Estepp, Jeremie H.; Taylor, Charles; Molina-Paris, Carmen; Schultz-Cherry, Stacey; Tang, Li; Thomas, Paul G.; McGargill, Maureen A.; Gaur, Aditya H.; Hoffman, James M.; Mori, Tomi; Tuomanen, Elaine I.; Webby, Richard J.; Hakim, Hana; Hayden, Randall T.; Hijano, Diego R.; Awad, Walid; Bajracharya, Resha; Clark, Brandi L.; Cortez, Valerie; Dallas, Ronald H.; Fabrizio, Thomas; Freiden, Pamela; Gowen, Ashleigh; Hodges, Jason; Kirk, Allison M.; Roubidoux, Ericka Kirkpatrick; Mettelman, Robert C.; Russell-Bell, Jamie; Souquette, Aisha; Sparks, James; Van de Velde, Lee-Ann; Vazquez-Pagan, Ana; Whitt, Kendall; Wilson, Taylor L.; Wittman, David E.; Wohlgemuth, Nicholas; Wu, Gang

doi:10.1016/j.chom.2021.12.005

Pre-existing humoral immunity to human common cold coronaviruses negatively impacts the protective SARS-CoV-2 antibody response

Journal Article · Tue Dec 07 04:00:00 EST 2021 · Cell Host & Microbe

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2021.12.005· OSTI ID:2584674

; ; ; Sun, Yilun; ; ; ; ; ; Zarnitsyna, Veronika I.; Duque, Daniel; Allison, Kim J.; Allen, E. Kaitlynn; ; Mandarano, Alexandra H.; Estepp, Jeremie H.; Taylor, Charles; Molina-Paris, Carmen; Schultz-Cherry, Stacey; Tang, Li more »

SARS-CoV-2 infection causes diverse outcomes ranging from asymptomatic infection to respiratory distress and death. A major unresolved question is whether prior immunity to endemic, human common cold coronaviruses (hCCCoVs) impacts susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection or immunity following infection and vaccination. Therefore, we analyzed samples from the same individuals before and after SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination. We found hCCCoV antibody levels increase after SARS-CoV-2 exposure, demonstrating cross-reactivity. However, a case-control study indicates that baseline hCCCoV antibody levels are not associated with protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Rather, higher magnitudes of pre-existing betacoronavirus antibodies correlate with more SARS-CoV-2 antibodies following infection, an indicator of greater disease severity. Additionally, immunization with hCCCoV spike proteins before SARS-CoV-2 immunization impedes the generation of SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing antibodies in mice. Together, these data suggest that pre-existing hCCCoV antibodies hinder SARS-CoV-2 antibody-based immunity following infection and provide insight on how pre-existing coronavirus immunity impacts SARS-CoV-2 infection, which is critical considering emerging variants.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program

Contributing Organization:: SJTRC Study Team

Grant/Contract Number:: 89233218CNA000001

OSTI ID:: 2584674

Report Number(s):: LA-UR--21-30006; 10.1016/j.chom.2021.12.005

Journal Information:: Cell Host & Microbe, Journal Name: Cell Host & Microbe Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 30; ISSN 1931-3128

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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