Demonstration of MgCr2–xMnxO4 Spinel Oxide Cathodes in High-Voltage Mg Batteries

Wang, Evelyna; Uppuluri, Ritesh; Kwon, Bob Jin; Sarnello, Erik; Leon, Noel; Yang, Zhenzhen; Lapidus, Saul H.; Poeppelmeier, Kenneth R.; Key, Baris

doi:10.1021/acsaem.4c01277

Demonstration of MgCr_2–xMn_xO₄ Spinel Oxide Cathodes in High-Voltage Mg Batteries

Journal Article · Wed Feb 19 04:00:00 EST 2025 · ACS Applied Energy Materials

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.4c01277· OSTI ID:2583992

^[1]; Uppuluri, Ritesh ^[2]; Kwon, Bob Jin ^[1]; Sarnello, Erik ^[1]; Leon, Noel ^[1]; ^[1]; ^[1]; ^[3]; ^[1]

Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States); Northwestern University, Evanston, IL (United States)
Northwestern University, Evanston, IL (United States)

Solid-solution oxide spinels with high redox voltages and facile Mg²⁺ mobility have been identified as promising candidates for practical, high-voltage cathodes in Mg batteries. In this work, we discuss the development of MgCr_2-xMn_xO₄ [x = 0.5, 1, 1.2] solid-solution spinel oxides as a cathode material and their electrochemical performance paired with an Mg anode in a full cell. This work presents the first demonstration of full cells with these materials. Mg-Cr-Mn spinel oxides with varying Cr and Mn contents were synthesized using alternative synthetic routes for optimal electrochemical performance. High-resolution synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and electron microscopy showed that these different synthetic routes resulted in changes in structures and particle morphologies, which in turn affect the electrochemical performance. Particularly, the urea coprecipitation synthetic route resulted in high-surface-area particles that enabled lower overpotentials and increased discharge capacity. The high surface area also resulted in expedited structural degradation caused by the irreversible migration of Mg²⁺ into normally vacant 16c sites in the spinel lattice. This structural degradation was lessened by using a hydrosauna-urea synthesis method, which decreased the Mg/Mn inversion ratio while retaining high-surface-area particles with good cycling performance. Furthermore, our findings highlight the necessity for high surface area or nanostructured spinel oxide cathodes with minimized Mg-Mn inversion to enable spinel oxide cathodes in Mg full cells.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357

OSTI ID:: 2583992

Journal Information:: ACS Applied Energy Materials, Journal Name: ACS Applied Energy Materials Journal Issue: 5 Vol. 8; ISSN 2574-0962

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Demonstration of MgCr2–xMnxO4 Spinel Oxide Cathodes in High-Voltage Mg Batteries

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Demonstration of MgCr_2–xMn_xO₄ Spinel Oxide Cathodes in High-Voltage Mg Batteries