Influence of stacking fault energy and hydrogen on deformation mechanisms in high Mn austenitic steels during in-situ tensile testing

Kong, Yuran; Kathayat, Pawan; Williamson, Alec; Brown, Donald W.; Lawrence, Samantha K.; Clausen, Bjørn; Vogel, Sven C.; Ronevich, Joseph A.; San Marchi, Chris W.; Ravkov, Lucas; Balogh, Levente; Speer, John G.; Findley, Kip O.; Cho, Lawrence

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.06.023

Influence of stacking fault energy and hydrogen on deformation mechanisms in high Mn austenitic steels during in-situ tensile testing

Journal Article · Fri Jun 20 00:00:00 EDT 2025 · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.06.023· OSTI ID:2583712

Kong, Yuran ^[1]; Kathayat, Pawan ^[1]; Williamson, Alec ^[1]; ^[2]; Lawrence, Samantha K. ^[2]; ^[2]; ^[2]; ^[3]; ^[3]; ^[1]; ^[4]; Speer, John G. ^[1]; Findley, Kip O. ^[1]; ^[1]

Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO (United States)
Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Sandia National Laboratories (SNL-CA), Livermore, CA (United States)
Queen's Univ., Kingston, ON (Canada)

High Mn austenitic steels are considered an economical alloy system for hydrogen storage and transport applications. This study used stacking fault energy (SFE) as a design parameter to achieve hydrogen embrittlement (HE)-resistant high Mn austenitic alloys. The role of hydrogen on the deformation mechanisms of low (29 mJ/m²) and high SFE (49 mJ/m²) alloys was evaluated through in-situ neutron diffraction during tensile loading. Hydrogen-precharging increased yield strength, partly due to hydrogen-induced lattice distortion (i.e., solute strengthening). Hydrogen accelerated the increase in defect density, including dislocations and stacking faults. The formation of planar deformation structures (twins and stacking faults), relative to dislocations, plays a critical role in promoting hydrogen-assisted fracture. The stacking fault frequency parameter obtained from neutron diffraction quantifies planar deformation tendencies, correlated with HE sensitivity. The higher SFE alloy exhibited greater resistance to HE, associated with the reduced propensity to form stacking faults and twins upon deformation in the hydrogen-precharged condition.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO (United States); Sandia National Laboratories (SNL-CA), Livermore, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Office of Sustainable Transportation. Hydrogen Fuel Cell Technologies Office (HFTO)

Grant/Contract Number:: EE0008828; NA0003525

OSTI ID:: 2583712

Journal Information:: International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Journal Name: International Journal of Hydrogen Energy Vol. 148; ISSN 0360-3199

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (23)

In-situ observations of lattice parameter fluctuations in austenite and transformation to bainite Babu, S. S.; Specht, E. D.; David, S. A. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 36, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-005-0002-x	journal	December 2005
Derivation and Variation in Composition-Dependent Stacking Fault Energy Maps Based on Subregular Solution Model in High-Manganese Steels Saeed-Akbari, A.; Imlau, J.; Prahl, U. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 40, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-009-0050-8	journal	October 2009
Hydrogen Embrittlement Susceptibility of Fe-Mn Binary Alloys with High Mn Content: Effects of Stable and Metastable ε-Martensite, and Mn Concentration Koyama, Motomichi; Okazaki, Shota; Sawaguchi, Takahiro Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 47, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-016-3431-9	journal	March 2016
Interrogating the Effects of Hydrogen on the Behavior of Planar Deformation Bands in Austenitic Stainless Steel Sabisch, J. E. C.; Sugar, J. D.; Ronevich, J. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 52, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-021-06170-3	journal	February 2021
Hydrogen effects on dislocation activity in austenitic stainless steel Nibur, K.; Bahr, D.; Somerday, B. Acta Materialia, Vol. 54, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2006.02.007	journal	June 2006
In situ neutron diffraction study of the microstructure and tensile deformation behavior in Al-added high manganese austenitic steels Jeong, J. S.; Woo, W.; Oh, K. H. Acta Materialia, Vol. 60, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2011.12.043	journal	March 2012
Hydrogen-assisted failure in a twinning-induced plasticity steel studied under in situ hydrogen charging by electron channeling contrast imaging Koyama, Motomichi; Akiyama, Eiji; Tsuzaki, Kaneaki Acta Materialia, Vol. 61, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2013.04.030	journal	July 2013
Deformation mechanisms of Mo alloyed FeCoCrNi high entropy alloy: In situ neutron diffraction Cai, Biao; Liu, Bin; Kabra, Saurabh Acta Materialia, Vol. 127 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2017.01.034	journal	April 2017
Twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) steels De Cooman, Bruno C.; Estrin, Yuri; Kim, Sung Kyu Acta Materialia, Vol. 142 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2017.06.046	journal	January 2018
Influence of hydrogen on deformation and embrittlement mechanisms in a high Mn austenitic steel: In-Situ neutron diffraction and diffraction line profile analysis Cho, Lawrence; Kong, Yuran; Kathayat, Pawan Acta Materialia, Vol. 281 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2024.120420	journal	December 2024
Hydrogen environment embrittlement of stable austenitic steels Michler, Thorsten; San Marchi, Chris; Naumann, Jörg International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 37, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.08.071	journal	November 2012
Effects of grain size on hydrogen embrittlement in a Fe-22Mn-0.6C TWIP steel Zan, Na; Ding, Hua; Guo, XiaoFei International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 40, Issue 33 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.06.112	journal	September 2015
Overview of hydrogen embrittlement in high-Mn steels Koyama, Motomichi; Akiyama, Eiji; Lee, Young-Kook International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 42, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.02.214	journal	April 2017
Hydrogen effects on the deformation and slip localization in a single crystal austenitic stainless steel León-Cázares, Fernando D.; Zhou, Xiaowang; Kagay, Brian International Journal of Plasticity, Vol. 180 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijplas.2024.104074	journal	September 2024
Deformation mechanism of a metastable medium entropy alloy strengthened by the synergy of heterostructure design and cryo-pre-straining Liu, Shilei; Gao, Haitao; Wei, Daixiu International Journal of Plasticity, Vol. 183 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijplas.2024.104162	journal	December 2024
Neutron diffraction analysis of stacking fault energy in Fe–18Mn–2Al–0.6C twinning-induced plasticity steels Kang, Mihyun; Woo, Wanchuck; Lee, Young-Kook Materials Letters, Vol. 76 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2012.02.075	journal	June 2012
Self-consistent modelling of lattice strains during the in-situ tensile loading of twinning induced plasticity steel Saleh, Ahmed A.; Pereloma, Elena V.; Clausen, Bjørn Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 589 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2013.09.073	journal	January 2014
Correlating temperature-dependent stacking fault energy and in-situ bulk deformation behavior for a metastable austenitic stainless steel Neding, Benjamin; Tian, Ye; Ko, J. Y. Peter Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 832 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2021.142403	journal	January 2022
Increase in dislocation density in cold-deformed Pd using H as a temporary alloying addition Chen, Y. Z.; Barth, H. P.; Deutges, M. Scripta Materialia, Vol. 68, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2013.01.005	journal	May 2013
The influence of silicon and aluminum alloying on the lattice parameter and stacking fault energy of austenitic steel Lehnhoff, G. R.; Findley, K. O.; De Cooman, B. C. Scripta Materialia, Vol. 92 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2014.07.019	journal	December 2014
Slip transmission and voiding during slip band Intersections in Fe70Ni10Cr20 stainless steel Zhou, X. W.; Skelton, R.; Sills, R. B. Scripta Materialia, Vol. 220 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2022.114925	journal	November 2022
Stacking Fault Driven Phase Transformation in CrCoNi Medium Entropy Alloy He, Haiyan; Naeem, Muhammad; Zhang, Fan Nano Letters, Vol. 21, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04244	journal	January 2021
Stacking Fault Energy Determination in Fe-Mn-Al-C Austenitic Steels by X-ray Diffraction Castañeda, Jaime A.; Zambrano, Oscar A.; Alcázar, Germán A. Metals, Vol. 11, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.3390/met11111701	journal	October 2021

Similar Records

Correlating work hardening with co-activation of stacking fault strengthening and transformation in a high entropy alloy using in-situ neutron diffraction

Journal Article · Wed Dec 16 19:00:00 EST 2020 · Scientific Reports · OSTI ID:1752964

Related Subjects

High Mn austenitic steel
Hydrogen embrittlement
Neutron diffraction
Stacking fault energy

Influence of stacking fault energy and hydrogen on deformation mechanisms in high Mn austenitic steels during in-situ tensile testing

Citation Formats

References (23)

Similar Records

Related Subjects