Stability Analysis of Power Systems with High Penetration of State-of-the-Art Inverter Technologies

Samanta, Sayan; Yang, Bowen; Seo, Gab-Su

doi:10.3390/en18143645

Stability Analysis of Power Systems with High Penetration of State-of-the-Art Inverter Technologies

Journal Article · Thu Jul 10 00:00:00 EDT 2025 · Energies

DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/en18143645· OSTI ID:2583646

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National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

With the increasing level of inverter-based resources (IBRs) in modern power systems, this paper presents a small-signal stability analysis for power systems comprising synchronous generators (SGs) and IBRs. Four types of inverter controls are considered: two grid-following (GFL) controls, with or without grid support functions; droop-based grid-forming (GFM) controls; and virtual oscillator control-based GFM. We also analyze the impact of STATCOM and synchronous condensers on system stability to assess their role in the energy mix transition. With the small-signal dynamic behavior of the major technologies modeled, this paper provides stringent stability assessments using the IEEE 39-bus benchmark system modified to simulate future power systems. The exhaustive test cases allow for (a) assessing the impacts of different types and controls of generation and supplementary grid assets, as well as system inertia and line impedance on grid stability, and (b) elucidating pathways for the stabilization of IBR-dominated power systems. The analysis also indicates that future power systems can be stabilized with only a fraction of the total generation as voltage sources without SGs or significant system inertia if they are well distributed. This study provides insights into future power system operations with a high level of IBRs that can also be used for planning and operation studies.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Renewable Power Office. Solar Energy Technologies Office

Grant/Contract Number:: AC36-08GO28308

OSTI ID:: 2583646

Report Number(s):: NREL/JA--5D00-96530

Journal Information:: Energies, Journal Name: Energies Journal Issue: 14 Vol. 18; ISSN 1996-1073

Publisher:: MDPICopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION
grid-following inverters
grid-forming inverters
inverter-based resources
inverter-dominated power systems
power system stability
small-signal stability

Stability Analysis of Power Systems with High Penetration of State-of-the-Art Inverter Technologies

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