African dust transported to Barbados in the wintertime lacks indicators of chemical aging

Royer, Haley M.; Sheridan, Michael T.; Elliott, Hope E.; Blades, Edmund; Lata, Nurun Nahar; Cheng, Zezhen; China, Swarup; Zhu, Zihua; Ault, Andrew P.; Gaston, Cassandra J.

doi:10.5194/acp-25-5743-2025

African dust transported to Barbados in the wintertime lacks indicators of chemical aging

Journal Article · Wed Jun 11 00:00:00 EDT 2025 · Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (Online)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5743-2025· OSTI ID:2574917

^[1]; ^[2]; ^[3]; Blades, Edmund ^[3]; Lata, Nurun Nahar ^[4]; ^[4]; ^[4]; ^[4]; ^[5]; ^[3]

Univ. of Miami, FL (United States); University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (United States)
Univ. of Miami, FL (United States); Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA (United States)
Univ. of Miami, FL (United States)
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States)

The chemical processing (“aging”) of mineral dust is thought to increase dust light-scattering efficiency, cloud droplet activation, and nutrient solubility. However, the extent of African dust aging during long-range transport to the western Atlantic is poorly understood. Here, we explore African dust aging in wintertime samples collected from Barbados when dust is transported at lower altitudes. Ion chromatography (IC) analysis indicates that the mass concentrations of bulk nitrate, sulfate, and oxalate increase, relative to background conditions, when African dust reaches Barbados after transatlantic transport, indicating dust aging. However, aerosol mixing-state analysis from computer-controlled scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (CCSEM/EDX) indicates that approximately 67 % of dust particles are internally mixed with sea salt, while only about 26 % of dust particles contain no internally mixed components. SEM/EDX elemental mapping and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) reveals that within internally mixed dust and sea salt particles, only sea salt components contain signs of aging as indicated by the loss of chloride and acquisition of nitrate and/or sulfate. Our results suggest that chemical aging may only modestly increase the solubility of nutrients in African dust during long-range transport. Because most dust that we measured was internally mixed with sea salt, chemical aging is not necessarily required to increase the hygroscopicity of dust, at least in the lower boundary layer. Further, our findings have implications for understanding the release of halogens from sea salts, which may be enhanced in internally mixed dust and sea salt particles.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Scientific User Facilities (SUF); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830

OSTI ID:: 2574917

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA--214398

Journal Information:: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (Online), Journal Name: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (Online) Journal Issue: 11 Vol. 25; ISSN 1680-7324

Publisher:: Copernicus Publications, EGUCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Reevaluation of Mineral aerosol radiative forcings suggests a better agreement with satellite and AERONET data Balkanski, Y.; Schulz, M.; Claquin, T. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-81-2007	journal	January 2007
Effect of chemical mixing state on the hygroscopicity and cloud nucleation properties of calcium mineral dust particles Sullivan, R. C.; Moore, M. J. K.; Petters, M. D. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 9, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-3303-2009	journal	January 2009
Measurements from the RV Ronald H. Brown and related platforms as part of the Atlantic Tradewind Ocean-Atmosphere Mesoscale Interaction Campaign (ATOMIC) Quinn, Patricia K.; Thompson, Elizabeth J.; Coffman, Derek J. Earth System Science Data, Vol. 13, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1759-2021	journal	April 2021
EUREC⁴A Stevens, Bjorn; Bony, Sandrine; Farrell, David Earth System Science Data, Vol. 13, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4067-2021	journal	January 2021

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