LLM-Based Adaptive Distribution Voltage Regulation Under Frequent Topology Changes: An In-Context MPC Framework

Journal Article · Fri Jun 27 04:00:00 EDT 2025 · IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2025.3583934· OSTI ID:2574748

Jena, Amit ^[1]; Ding, Fei ^[2]; Wang, Jiyu ^[2]; Yao, Yiyun ^[2]; Xie, Le ^[3]

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1. Texas A&M University
2. National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO (United States)
3. Harvard University

This paper proposes a large language model (LLM) based adaptive inverter control for distribution voltage regulation under frequent topology changes. We leverage the ability of the LLM to perform in-context learning and create a topology-adaptive surrogate model for power flow calculation. The surrogate model is then integrated with a long short-term memory-based load forecaster and a model predictive control (MPC) scheme to achieve the optimal inverter control that adapts to frequent topology changes. Unlike many existing works that assume fixed-topology grids or require the knowledge of all possible topologies when training a model, the proposed in-context MPC method tackles the distribution voltage control problem under various topologies and adapts to unknown topologies with limited data requirement for fine-tuning. The effectiveness of our method is demonstrated on a modified IEEE 123-bus test system.

• Research Organization: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
• Sponsoring Organization: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Renewable Power Office. Solar Energy Technologies Office
• DOE Contract Number: AC36-08GO28308
• OSTI ID: 2574748
• Report Number(s): NREL/JA-5D00-93237
• Journal Information: IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, Journal Name: IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid Journal Issue: 5 Vol. 16
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION
97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING
GPT-2
in-context learning
inverter control
large language models
topological changes
voltage regulation